Are Half of All IPV Perpetrators Women? Putting Context Back into the Intimate Partner Violence Research Field

For our field to truly understand women's use of IPV, it is crucial that the following three steps be taken by researchers to put context back into the equation: (a) incorporate the effects of multiple oppressions women face within the context of predominantly male offending across different types of violent criminal categories (top level); (b) integrate findings from both objective and subjective IPV research methods that will require elevating subjective approaches to the same status as objective (middle level); and (c) centralize the issue of ongoing patterns of coercion, power, and control within our definitions of IPV (individual level). Without such an embedded approach, our field will continue to divert much-needed resources toward the so-called gender symmetry debate and run the risk of helping to perpetuate further injustices against women.     

Resistance to peer influence during adolescence: Proposing a sociocultural-developmental framework

Assumptions regarding the vulnerability of adolescents to peer influences permeate the academic and popular literatures, especially as explanations of adolescent risk taking. In developmentally-oriented research that has addressed age differences in peer resistance/conformity, a psychosocially-based account has prevailed which attributes higher resistance scores of older compared with younger adolescents to the development of autonomy and individuation. In this paper, we propose an alternative sociocultural-developmental framework for the study of peer resistances. Contributing to the framework are, first, sociocultural perspectives on resistance within cultural and feminist studies that have implications for peer resistance scholarship in their alternative conceptualization of person–context relations and the consequent reorientation of the nature of the questions as well as the methods appropriate for addressing these questions. We then draw on dialogical theory to extend these perspectives to a more comprehensive framework encompassing developing-persons-in-changing-contexts and illustrate the framework with a research example.     

从2型糖尿病的发病机制谈糖尿病治疗的新策略

2型糖尿病的发病机制主要为胰岛素抵抗与胰岛β细胞分泌功能受损,二者相互依存、相互作用。2型糖尿病的治疗应以减轻胰岛素的抵抗和保护胰岛β细胞为主,以生活方式干预加二甲双胍作为基础治疗,根据不同个体在不同阶段所侧重的不同发病机制,采用联合、综合管理。     

抗生素应用与细菌耐药性产生的辩证关系

临床上抗生素的不适当使用,造成了细菌耐药性问题日益严重,已成为目前医学上一个难题。从微生态平衡的角度,辩证地对抗生素使用和细菌耐药性产生的关系进行了分析,并提出了控制细菌耐药性产生的策略。为有效合理使用抗生素,预防和控制细菌耐药性产生提供了思路和方法。     

从耐药机制看抗菌药物的发展

抗菌药物耐药机制包括：（1）靶位修饰;（2）产灭活酶;（3）药物渗透力下降;（4）外排泵表达。本文从增加作用靶位、改善药物与靶位结合力、联合酶抑制药的复方药物、寻找体外泵抑制剂、发现新代合物和新靶位等方面介绍了临床使用的和临床前的新抗菌药物。     

Unilateral Stability and Visual Feedback Body Control Improves After Three-Month Resistance Training in Overweight Individuals

The authors evaluated the effect of 3 months of resistance and aerobic training (3 sessions/week) on body balance in a group of 25 overweight and obese individuals. Prior to and after the training, they performed static and task-oriented balance tests under various conditions. Mean center of pressure (CoP) velocity and mean trace length of the CoP in the y-axis registered during a one-legged stance significantly decreased after the resistance training (19.1%, p = .024; 29.3%, p = .009). Mean trace length of the CoP in the y-axis decreased significantly also during a bipedal stance on a foam surface with eyes open and closed (10.9%, p = .040; 18.2%, p = .027). In addition, mean CoP distance and mean squared CoP distance in the anteroposterior direction during a visually guided center of mass (CoM) tracking task significantly improved (14.7%, p = .033; 28.2%, p = .016). However, only mean trace length of the CoP in the y-axis during a bipedal stance on a foam surface with eyes open and closed significantly decreased after the aerobic training (10.3%, p = .047; 16.5%, p = .029). It may be concluded that resistance training is more efficient for the improvement of the anteroposterior unilateral stability and the accuracy of the regulation of the CoM anteroposterior position than aerobic training in overweight and obese individuals.     

SHIFTING BETWEEN ALTERNATIVE MODES OF COGNITION: CAN FREE ASSOCIATION,IN AND OF ITSELF,PROVE THERAPEUTIC?

From early on in his career, at the time of his treatment of Frau Emmy von N., Freud (Breuer and Freud 1895) recognized the value of listening to the patient's material without attempting to steer it along a particular course. His focus on the method of freie Einfalle (free association), to be presented to the patient as the fundamental rule of analytic treatment, led to his recommendation that the analyst listen with evenly suspended attention (Freud 1912 ). But is free association therapeutic in and of itself? The author proposes an affirmative reply to this question based on the contribution of free association to the patient's nascent ability to shift between active and passive modes of cognition.     

Mindless resistance to persuasion: Low self‐control fosters the use of resistance‐promoting heuristics

In our consumer society, people are confronted on a daily basis with unsolicited persuasion attempts. The present research challenges the prevailing view that resisting persuasion is more likely to fail when consumers have low self‐control. Four experiments tested the hypothesis that impaired self‐regulation may actually facilitate resistance to persuasion when the influence context contains resistance‐promoting heuristics. Indeed, participants with low self‐control were less likely to comply with a persuasive request (Experiments 1 and 3), reported a less favourable attitude towards an advertised product (Experiment 2), and generated more negative responses towards a persuasive message (Experiment 4) than participants with high self‐control, when they could rely on resistance‐promoting heuristics: a violation of the norm of reciprocity (Experiments 1 and 3), an advertisement disclaimer (Experiment 2), or negative social proof (Experiment 4). Together, these studies demonstrate that contextual cues can bolster resistance when one does not carefully scrutinize an influence attempt.     

试论肿瘤治疗思维应从对抗向和谐转换

当前对抗性模式主导下的肿瘤治疗,有其特定的哲学基础,即以溯因分析的方法,主张对疾病的明朗化,视疾病为异端,采取对抗性的治疗将其斩尽杀绝,由此带来了肿瘤治疗所面临的一系列问题,从自然哲学的角度看,人类需要和无数物种共存,包括肿瘤细胞,自然界生态平衡的破坏已经给人类带来了灾难,由此反思肿瘤的治疗,我们需摒弃既往的对抗性思维...