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113.
Katri Blomqvist Silja Saarento-Zaprudin Christina Salmivalli 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》2020,61(1):151-159
We examined student- and context-related factors related to whether bullied students tell adults about their plight at school or at home. The sample included 1,266 students in primary (Grades 4–6) and lower secondary (Grades 8–9) schools, who had answered an online questionnaire at two measurement points about 5 months apart and were identified as victims of bullying on the basis of the latter. Only 55.4% of the bullied students had told their situation to someone, and much fewer had told an adult. Telling an adult at home was more common (34.0%) than telling a teacher (20.6%) or some other adult at school (12.7%). In a longitudinal structural equation model (SEM), factors related to increased likelihood of telling an adult were female gender, lower grade level, the chronicity of victimization, perceived negative teacher attitude towards bullying (teacher not tolerating bullying), and perceived peer support for victims (classmates’ tendency to defend students who are victimized). 相似文献
114.
Kako E 《Cognition》2006,101(1):1-42
This paper tests two claims about the thematic roles Agent and Patient: first, that they can be decomposed into more primitive features, as laid out in Dowty's (1991) Proto-Roles Hypothesis; and second, that these properties can be inferred directly from the grammatical roles subject and object. In Experiments 1 and 2, participants rated the Proto-Roles properties of the subject and object of transitive sentences with real verbs. Subjects were rated as more Agent-like than objects, while objects were rated as more Patient-like than subjects. Experiment 3 used transitive sentences with nonsense content words (e.g. "The rom mecked the zarg"). Even in the absence of a known verb, the results were the same. Experiment 4 examined the corollary prediction that subjects and objects should not differ on grammatically irrelevant properties (e.g. "being liquid"); this prediction was confirmed. In Experiment 5, verbs that do not permit objects (e.g. "fall," "erupt") were placed in the transitive frame. Results were the same as in Experiments 1 through 3. Moreover, the semantics of the verb were altered by the frame, indicating that participants tried to fuse the semantics of the verb with those of the frame. Possible sources of these inferences are considered. 相似文献
115.
Johnny L. Matson Erik A. Mayville 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2001,23(1):3-9
A number of hypotheses have emerged regarding the etiology of physical aggression in persons with mental retardation. Although a multicomponent model is appropriate, results of functional analysis-based studies have yielded promising results in identifying instigating and maintaining factors of aggression. However, the relationship between functional variables and conditions such as psychiatric diagnosis to aggressive behavior has yet to be investigated in persons with mental retardation. We conducted a study examining the prevalence of environmental or physical factors in aggressive behavior in mentally retarded persons with and without psychiatric disturbance. One hundred and thirty-five individuals with mental retardation who exhibited physical aggression were assessed with the Questions About Behavior Function Scale (QABF) to identify environmental or physical contribution to aggressive behavior. One or more behavioral functions were identified for 75% of the participants. Additionally, of 66 of the participants scoring above the clinical cutoff on an assessment for dual diagnosis, 75% met criteria for an environmental or physical function for aggression. No significant differences in number of participants with an identifiable function of aggression were found between the no dual diagnosis and dual diagnosis groups. Our findings underscore the importance of identifying functions underlying aggressive behavior in persons with mental retardation, and the need to consider functional variables regardless of psychiatric condition in treatment planning efforts for such individuals. 相似文献
116.
Mark R. Dixon Heather Benedict Tracy Larson 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2001,34(3):361-363
The present study examined the possible function of inappropriate verbal behavior of an adult man who had been diagnosed with both mental retardation and psychosis. Results of a functional analysis indicated that inappropriate verbal utterances were maintained by attention. An intervention consisting of the differential reinforcement of appropriate verbal behavior effectively reduced the inappropriate behavior. 相似文献
117.
Qulsoom Inayat 《Counselling psychology quarterly》2007,20(3):287-293
In the atmosphere of fear and controversy that surrounds Muslims at this moment in time it is hardly surprising that they feel unable to voice their fears and concerns openly. Added to this is the fact that Muslims already underutilize mental health services (Patel et al., 2000). In the counselling arena four distinct aspects of the counselling relationship are affected. First, the therapeutic alliance, second, the socio-political context in which counselling occurs, third, the awareness of personal characteristics and competencies that facilitate multicultural counselling and, finally, the training requirements of multicultural counsellors. This paper seeks to consider each of these aspects of the therapeutic encounter with regard to Muslim clients. 相似文献
118.
医管、医患双重博弈研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在中国,老百姓"看病难,看病贵"问题已饱受各方诟病多时,政府不断出台的政策却收效甚微。通过分析医疗机构、管制者和患者所面临的风险与收益、行为与选择、医疗机构与管制者之间的重复博弈,医疗机构与患者之间的一次性博弈,提出医疗机构与管制者、医疗机构与患者的双重博弈假说。指出了"药价虚高"的根源以及解决的可能途径。 相似文献
119.
The present study aimed to explore sexist attitudes in young people and to investigate the role of these ideologies in the
contribution of boys and girls to housework. For this purpose, 139 Spanish high school students (67 females and 72 males)
responded to the ASI and AMI scales (Glick and Fiske in Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 70:491–512, 1996, Psychology
of Women Quarterly 23:519–536, 1999) and assessed their contribution to housework in tasks considered traditionally done by
women (highly gender-typed) or more neutral tasks (sex-neutral). Results showed that girls contributed significantly more
to housework than boys. In addition, correlation analyses showed that benevolent sexism toward women, men and hostility toward
men were significant related to highly gender typed tasks only in the female sample. This result shows the relevance of sexist
ideologies in maintaining established differences between genders. 相似文献
120.
Couples in which the woman is more verbally disinhibited than the man (man-more-inhibited couples) report lower satisfaction
than couples in which the man is more verbally disinhibited (woman-more-inhibited couples). A violation of traditional gender
roles is hypothesized to underlie this phenomenon. It was predicted that members of man-more-inhibited couples would be rated
less likeable than woman-more-inhibited couples, and disinhibited men would be rated more competent than other males and females.
To test these hypotheses, 95 undergraduate participants from a southwestern US university viewed a videotaped conflict between
a man-more-inhibited or woman-more-inhibited couple. As predicted, members of man-more-inhibited couples were rated less likeable
than members of woman-more-inhibited couples and disinhibited husbands were rated more competent than all other targets. 相似文献