排序方式: 共有59条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
51.
Evgeni N. Sokolov Wolfram Boucsein 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》2000,35(2):81-119
Despite a wide variety of emotions that can be subjectively experienced, the emotion space has consistently revealed a low
dimensionality. The search for corresponding somato-visceral response patterns has been only moderately successful. The authors
suggest a solution based on an assumed parallelism between emotion coding and color coding. According to the color detection
model proposed by Sokolov and co-workers, neurons responsible for color detection are triggered by a combination of excitations
in a limited number of input cells. Similarly, a limited number of input channels may feed complex emotion detectors being
located on a hypersphere in a four-dimensional emotion space, the three angles of which correspond to emotional tone, intensity,
and saturation, in parallel to hue, lightness, and saturation in color perception. The existence of such a four-dimensional
emotion space in the subjective domain is shown by using schematic facial expressions as stimuli.
A neurophysiological model is provided in which reticular, hypothalamic, and limbic structures constitute input channels of
an emotion detecting system, thus acting as the first layer of emotion predetectors. Hypothalamic neurons with differential
sensitivity for various transmitters may elicit a subsequent selective activation in a second layer of predetectors at the
thalamic level. The latter are suggested to trigger emotion detectors located in cortical areas, the action of which should
be revealed by measures of central nervous system activity. Preliminary results from evoked potential studies show that switching
between schematic faces that express different emotions may be used as an objective measure for establishing a psychophysiological
emotion space. 相似文献
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Franco de Masi 《The International journal of psycho-analysis》2004,85(2):311-336
This article tries to explain, in the light of some neuroscientific and psychoanalytical considerations, the repetitive pattern of panic attacks. Freud considered the panic attack as an ‘actual neurosis’ not involving any conflictual process. Recent neuroscientific findings indicate that psychosomatic reactions, set off by a danger situation, depend on the primitive circuit of fear (including the amygdala) characterised by its speed, but lack accurate responses and may also be activated by harmless stimuli perceived erroneously as dangerous. The traumatic terror is stored in implicit memory and may be set off by a conditioned stimulus linked to a previous danger situation. In the panic attack, the traumatic event is created by the imagination and this construction (a micro‐delusion), built in loneliness and anxiety, has the same power as the real trauma. A mutual psychosomatic short‐circuit between body and psyche, in which terror reinforces the somatic reactions and the psychic construction, is established. Therefore, it is important to highlight these constructions in order to analyse and transform them. In the second part of the article the author reviews the main psychoanalytical theories about panic attacks, stressing how, in his opinion, panic attack is a consequence of the breakdown of the defence organisation at various levels and may appear during periods of life crisis. Two patients suffering from a deficit of personal identity are presented. The various organisations and the different levels (biological, neuroscientific, associative, traumatic) of the panic attack determine different kinds of therapeutic approaches (pharmacological, cognitive and psychoanalytical). While the psychopharmacological treatment is aimed at reducing the neurovegetative reaction and the cognitive method is attempting to correct the associative and perceptive processes of fear signals, psychoanalytical therapy represents both a specific means to free patients from panic attacks as well as an indispensable route for their emotional growth. 相似文献
54.
Shu-Chen Li 《Current directions in psychological science》2002,11(1):38-43
Basic cognitive mechanisms, such as the abilities to briefly maintain, focus, and process information, decline with age. Related fields of cognitive aging research have been advancing rapidly, but mostly independently, at the biological, information processing, and behavioral levels. To facilitate integration, this article reviews research on cognitive aging at the different levels, and describes a recent integrative theory postulating that aging-related deficiencies in neurotransmission cause increased noise in information processing and less distinctive cortical representation, which in turn lead to cognitive deficits. Aging-related attenuation of catecholaminergic modulation can be modeled by lowering a neural network parameter to reduce the signal-to-noise ratio of information processing. The performance of such models is consistent with benchmark phenomena observed in humans, ranging from age differences in learning rate, asymptotic performance, and interference susceptibility to intra- and interindividual variability and ability dedifferentiation. Although the details of the conjectured sequence of effects linking neuromodulation to cognitive aging deficits await further empirical validation, cross-level theorizing of the kind illustrated here could foster the coevolution of related fields through cross-level data synthesis and hypothesis testing. 相似文献
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快速而准确地检测威胁性信息是进化过程中形成的一种重要能力,是有效应对危险的前提条件,对有机体的生存具有重要价值.威胁性信息的检测由不同的神经通路合作完成.在视觉通道中,皮层通路的精确检测和皮层下通路的快速检测在杏仁核得到整合.杏仁核能接受多感觉通道的信息输入,并接受额叶的调节,是威胁性信息加工中连通自上而下加工和自下而上加工的枢纽.将来的研究需要进一步关注杏仁核的功能以及不同的神经通路如何合作完成威胁性信息的检测. 相似文献
56.
自我神经基础的探讨常基于自我相关加工的研究, 涉及皮质中线结构各个脑区甚至全脑协同作用。内侧前额叶皮质及其次成分在自我相关加工中发挥重要作用:腹内侧前额叶皮质较多支持默认模式下的自我加工、自我信息的觉察和“在线”自我加工, 背内侧前额叶皮质主要参与有意识的自我参照加工、自我信息的评价和“主导的”自我加工。在自我-他人表征中, 自我-他人表征的情感性、认知性和文化性因素均调节内侧前额叶皮质及次成分的活动。未来在动态的时间和人际背景中解析自我加工的神经机制是重要的研究方向。 相似文献
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Keisuke Hanada Kayoko Yokoi Akinori Futamura Yuji Kinoshita Kazutaka Sakamoto Kenjiro Ono Kazumi Hirayama 《Journal of Neuropsychology》2021,15(2):204-214
Numbsense is a phenomenon, wherein patients can correctly respond to somatosensory stimuli at a higher rate than expected by chance, but cannot perceive the same stimuli consciously. Previously, numbsense has been reported in tactile localization of stimuli on the patient’s own body. Here, we describe a patient with numbsense that involved touched objects. The patient could not recognize the majority of somatosensory stimuli after left parietal infarction, but could correctly select shape, texture, and object stimuli more frequently than expected by chance. 相似文献
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