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561.
基因治疗是一种新的有希望的抗肿瘤治疗方法。本文首先简述基因治疗发展史,然后介绍目前尝试性用于血液系统肿瘤的反义核酸疗法、抑癌基因疗法、自杀基因疗法以及过继性免疫疗法等基因治疗方法,进一步阐述基因治疗在血液系统肿瘤患者中应用存在的伦理学问题。 相似文献
562.
关于地区机构伦理委员会的调研与思考 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
通过对辽宁地区29家机构伦理委员会的机构设置情况、工作内容、伦理审查工作的管理等状况的调研,为了解我国医学伦理委员会的发展现状,存在的问题及发展方向提供局部的现实依据,为进一步完善我国医学伦理委员会建设提出建议。 相似文献
563.
提高生命科学研究中的伦理审查质量的思考 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
我们曾经的生物医学研究中,有些研究者往往只注重自己研究的目的,违犯如《纽伦堡法典》,《赫尔辛基宣言》,《贝尔蒙报告:保护人体受试者伦理学原则及准则》等伦理原则。通过建立健全伦理评审系统,规范伦理审查程序,建立对伦理委员会的审查评估系统,期望使生物医学研究更加符合保护和促进人类健康的目的。 相似文献
564.
辅助生殖技术(Assisted Reproduction Technique,ART)的飞速发展给社会带来了复杂的伦理难题。实践证明,只有发挥伦理委员会作为一个工作机构的职能,在医患人群中加强ART技术基本原理及相关伦理原则的宣传教育,才能促使医患人群都能够自觉遵守优良的医学伦理道德规范,保证人类辅助生殖技术的健康发展。 相似文献
565.
Paul Hurley 《The Journal of Ethics》2007,11(4):437-463
At the outset of The Possibility of Altruism Thomas Nagel charts two paths out of the fundamental dilemma confronting metaethics. The first path rejects the claim that
a persuasive account of the motivational backing of ethical judgments must involve an agent’s desires. But it is the second
path, a path that Nagel charts but does not himself take, that is the focus of this essay. This path retains the standard
account, upon which all motivation involves desire, but denies that desires are given prior to reason. Instead, these attitudes
that motivate are themselves open to rational assessment. One reason for this focus is that many philosophers, including Quinn,
Raz, and Scanlon, have come to reject the claim Nagel takes to block this path – that desires are somehow given prior to reason,
hence are not in the relevant way proper objects of rational assessment. A second reason is that unlike the first path, this
second does not require the rejection of the belief-desire theory, only the rejection of one assumption about the nature of
conative attitudes. Unlike Nagel’s chosen path, then, the second holds out the prospect of reconciling ethical objectivity,
internalism, and the belief-desire theory within a unified account. I argue that the account of desire found in Quinn, Raz,
and Scanlon, augmented by aspects of Davidson’s account of propositional attitudes, yields a coherent account of the involvement
of reason even in basic desires, an account that is well suited to Nagel’s intriguing path not taken.
Earlier versions of this paper were presented at UC Santa Barbara and the University of Michigan. I am grateful to members
of those audiences for helpful comments, in particular to Stephen Darwall, David Velleman, Kevin Toh, Voula Tsouna, and Tony
Anderson. I have also benefited from helpful discussions of these arguments with Peter Thielke, Ted Hinchman, Dion Scott-Kakures,
and Charles Young. 相似文献
566.
567.
古代奥运会的伦理精神包括效忠国家、身心和谐、公平竞争、追求和平等,同时有其时代和阶级的局限性,在伦理方面主要表现为阶级歧视、性别歧视、极其残酷、走入职业化等。古代奥运会的伦理精神对现代奥林匹克运动产生深远的影响,现代奥运的起源与发展是对古代奥运会伦理精神的继承与超越,古代奥运会伦理精神对北京奥运会的筹办也具有启示性的意义。 相似文献
568.
In this paper we describe and explore a management tool called the Caux Round Table Self-Assessment and Improvement Process
(SAIP). Based upon the Caux Round Table Principles for Business — a stakeholder-based, transcultural statement of business
values — the SAIP assists executives with the task of shaping their firm’s conscience through an organizational self-appraisal
process. This process is modeled after the self-assessment methodology pioneered by the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality
Award Program.
After briefly describing the SAIP, we address three topics. First, we examine similarities and differences between the Baldrige
approach to corporate self-assessment and the self-assessment process utilized within the SAIP. Second, we report initial
findings from two beta tests of the tool. These illustrate both the SAIP’s ability to help organizations strengthen their
commitment to ethically responsible conduct, and some of the tool’s limitations. Third, we briefly analyze various dimensions
of the business scandals of 2001–2002 (Enron, WorldCom, Tyco, etc.) in light of the ethical requirements articulated with
the SAIP. This analysis suggests that the SAIP can help link the current concerns of stakeholders — for example, investors
and the general public — to organizational practice, by providing companies with a practical way to incorporate critical lessons
from these unfortunate events.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at the “Ethics and Social Responsibility in Engineering and Technology” meeting,
New Orleans, 2003. 相似文献
569.
Puzyński S 《Science and engineering ethics》2004,10(1):135-142
The paper presents major ethical, legal and methodological problems related to the use of placebo in mental disorders, especially
in depression. It is pointed out that although authoritative groups of experts and numerous publications in the field of psychopharmacology
indicate advisability of the double blind design with placebo in clinical trials of antidepressants, in recent years there
have been more and more voices questioning legitimacy of this method. Objections of an ethical nature are raised, and reliability
of this approach is put into doubt from the methodological viewpoint. These issues are discussed in more detail in the paper.
Available alternative solutions should be implemented in psychotropic drug studies. The author shares these objections and
doubts of an ethical nature, and believes that the placebo procedure is not a necessity in clinical trials of antidepressants.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at an international conference, “Placebo: Its Action and Place in Health Research
Today,” held in Warsaw, Poland on 12–13 April, 2003. 相似文献
570.
Haws DR 《Science and engineering ethics》2004,10(2):204-210
Our shared moral framework is negotiated as part of the social contract. Some elements of that framework are established (tell the truth under oath), but other elements lack an overlapping consensus (just when can an individual lie to protect his or her privacy?). The tidy bits of our accepted moral framework have been codified, becoming the subject of legal rather than ethical consideration. Those elements remaining in the realm of ethics seem fragmented and inconsistent.Yet, our engineering students will need to navigate the broken ground of this complex moral landscape. A minimalist approach would leave our students with formulated dogma—principles of right and wrong such as the National Society for Professional Engineers (NSPE) Code of Ethics for Engineers—but without any insight into the genesis of these principles. A slightly deeper, micro-ethics approach would teach our students to solve ethical problems by applying heuristics—giving our students a rational process to manipulate ethical dilemmas using the same principles simply referenced a priori by dogma. A macro-ethics approach—helping students to inductively construct a posteriori principles from case studies—goes beyond the simple statement or manipulation of principles, but falls short of linking personal moral principles to the larger, social context. Ultimately, it is this social context that requires both the application of ethical principles, and the negotiation of moral values—from an understanding of meta-ethics.The approaches to engineering ethics instruction (dogma, heuristics, case studies, and meta-ethics) can be associated with stages of moral development. If we leave our students with only a dogmatic reaction to ethical dilemmas, they will be dependent on the ethical decisions of others (a denial of their fundamental potential for moral autonomy). Heuristics offers a tool to deal independently with moral questions, but a tool that too frequently reduces to casuistry when rigidly applied to “simplified” dilemmas. Case studies, while providing a context for engineering ethics, can encourage the premature analysis of specific moral conduct rather than the development of broad moral principles—stifling our students’ facility with meta-ethics. Clearly, if a moral sense is developmental, ethics instruction should lead our students from lower to higher stages of moral development. 相似文献