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121.
Katherine J. Aucoin Paul J. Frick S.Doug Bodin 《Journal of applied developmental psychology》2006,27(6):527-541
The association between corporal punishment and children's emotional and behavioral functioning was studied in a sample of 98 non-referred children with a mean age of 12.35 (SD=1.72) recruited from two school systems in the southeastern United States. Children were divided into those who had experienced no corporal punishment over approximately a two-week period, those who had experienced mild levels of corporal punishment (i.e., 1 or 2 instances), and those who had experienced high levels of corporal punishment (i.e., 3 or more instances). Results indicated that use of corporal punishment was associated with problems in both emotional and behavioral adjustment. However, these associations were strongest for children who experienced high levels of corporal punishment, for children who were impulsive, and for children who did not experience a warm and supportive family climate. 相似文献
122.
123.
Matthew Adams 《Australasian journal of philosophy》2019,97(1):1-14
I argue that the degree to which a criminal should be punished is determined by three elements: a baseline amount that proportionally compensates the victim and an additional penalty that, first, reforms the criminal and, second, deters others from becoming unjust. My interpretation provides a solution to the interpretive puzzle that has most vexed commentators: the alleged tension between Plato's philosophical theory of punishment and the content of his penal code. I defend a two-step solution to the puzzle. First, on my interpretation, because of the broad role that deterrence must play, this alleged tension is—to a degree—merely apparent. Second, the actual tension can be explained by Plato's commitment to the rule of law, given the epistemic limitations of actual people. 相似文献
124.
利他惩罚是指在团体中与他人合作, 并不惜花费个人代价去惩罚不合作者以维护群体规范的一种利他行为。这种行为所具有的利他特征, 可能是人类在漫长进化过程中形成的一种特定行为模式, 是人类本性的一个组成部分。本文结合已有研究, 总结了可用于研究利他惩罚的主要范式, 回顾了利他惩罚的进化背景, 从大量实证性文献中提炼出 “不公平厌恶”及“心理理论和共情”两个维度来阐释引起利他惩罚行为的认知-情绪加工机制, 并整合了与其相关的脑神经证据, 最后对该研究领域未来的发展方向进行了展望。 相似文献
125.
Antony Duff 《Res Publica》2008,14(4):277-281
Richard Dagger (in this issue) provides perhaps the most persuasive version of a ‘fair play’ theory of criminal punishment,
grounded in an attractive liberal republican political theory. But, I argue, his version of the theory still faces serious
objections: that its explanation of why some central mala in se are properly criminalised is still distorting, despite his
appeal to the burdens of ‘general compliance’; and that it cannot adequately explain (as it should explain) the differential
seriousness and wrongfulness of different kinds of crime.
相似文献
Antony DuffEmail: |
126.
Margaret L. Vaaler Christopher G. Ellison Karissa D. Horton John P. Marcum 《Pastoral Psychology》2008,56(5):533-546
Despite the recurrent public and academic controversies over the issue of corporal punishment, few studies have examined the
attitudes of clergy members. This oversight is noteworthy, because clergy members may influence the beliefs and behaviors
of church members and others via their roles in parish ministry, counseling, and civic leadership. Our study addresses this
gap in the research literature using data from a nationwide sample of Presbyterian Church (USA) clergy members. Key findings
include the following: (a) Approval of corporal punishment is higher among male, non-white, less affluent, and parish (vs.
specialized) clergy; (b) Theological conservatism is unrelated to corporal punishment attitudes, but political conservatism
and Republican Party leanings are strongly predictive of greater approval of physical discipline; and (c) Clergy members who
know someone in their congregation who has experienced abuse are less supportive of the corporal punishment of children, although
direct personal experiences with physical or emotional abuse are less consistently related to corporal punishment attitudes.
Several implications and promising directions for future research are discussed.
相似文献
Margaret L. VaalerEmail: |
127.
论西方主流正义概念发展中的嬗变与综合(下) 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在西方思想中,正义概念自产生以来历经了许多演变。从希腊神话、梭伦、柏拉图、亚里士多德一系的主流希腊思想,接通中世纪基督教的良心观念,经注入自然法的启蒙观念,汇合为自由主义的体系,并在此母体上吸收社会主义思想的部分影响,这构成了西方正义概念迄今发展的主脉。许多思想与观念都对正义的概念发生深刻影响。它的种种涵义是从它产生以来在整个西方历史中逐步增添、发展、补充进去的。在这些历史的嬗变中也不断产生新的综合形式。大致地说,在它产生于希腊思想之后,在基督教教义、自然法理论、近现代自由主义与社会主义的观念基础上都产生着新的综合。罗尔斯公平的正义的理论是西方概念在当代的一个最重要的综合。 相似文献
128.
We investigate maternal attitudes toward corporal punishment and the attribution of blame to the child on the basis of data
gathered from a population survey of a representative sample of mothers and mother figures. A total of 3,148 women living
at least half of the time with a child participated in a telephone survey. The independent variables included in the multivariate
model predicting maternal attitudes and attributions include the child’s, the mother’s and the family’s characteristics and
social support. Results of the multiple regression analysis demonstrate the unique contribution of variables according to
the mother’s characteristics (mother’s sensitivity to the consequences of violence, mother’s experience of childhood violence
and parental stress related to child’s temperament). These results partially support the importance of prevention programs
that would reduce stress and increase the level of parental empathy through the means of parental training. 相似文献
129.
Robert C. Mellon 《Behaviour research and therapy》2009,47(10):868-875
This study provided controlled observations of a potential mechanism for the determination of the repetitive, aberrant perceptions or interpretations of everyday events that figure prominently in a range of psychological disorders: the adventitious reinforcement of acts of cognition by the actual consequences of concurrent motor acts. Adults made a series of two-choice brightness discriminations; on 60% of trials, choosing the brighter stimulus produced a “correct” signal while errors produced an aversive sound. On 40% of trials, the choice stimuli did not in fact differ in brightness; the consequences of responding on these “identical stimuli” trials differed across blocks of trials. Thus, on these trials perceptual judgments were directly followed by events that they did not produce. When all choices on identical stimuli trials were punished with the “error” sound, subjects showed little preference for the left-side or right-side identical stimuli, but when all choices of identical stimuli were reinforced with the “correct” light, individual preferences for the left-side or the right-side stimuli substantially increased. As the consequences of responding on identical stimuli trials were independent of the stimuli chosen, these findings provide evidence for superstitious perception, the reinforcement of perceptual acts by events that do not depend upon their occurrence. 相似文献
130.
Group-housed rodents are generally less aggressive than isolated counterparts. The present study examined the role of defeat by cage mates as a reason for this decline in aggressiveness. In Experiment I, highly aggressive isolated male mice were introduced into aggressive or nonaggressive resident groups. The intruder's level of aggressiveness directed toward a group-housed standard opponent declined more rapidly after daily exposure to the aggressive than to the nonaggressive groups. Intruders in the aggressive groups received more attacks from their cage mates, and delivered fewer attacks to them than did the intruders in the nonaggressive groups. In Experiment II, the intruders lived for seven days in small wire net cages in the middle of the group cages. Their level of aggressiveness toward standard opponents decreased little during the preexposure but after being put freely into the groups, their aggressiveness declined to a minimal level within a day. Experiment III showed that when the wire net protection in the middle of the cage was installed after the group caging experience, the aggressiveness of the intruders did not return to the isolation level as effectively as it did in isolation. This is explained by the aggression-inhibiting content that the cues from the cage mates have acquired during group caging. The decline of aggressiveness in male mice during group caging is determined by punishment delivered by the cage mates. 相似文献