创业环境与大学生创业意向的关系:有调节的中介模型

本研究提出一个有调节的中介模型,揭示了创业环境"怎样"影响大学生创业意向及这种影响"何时"更强或更弱。采用创业环境量表、创业动机量表、创业意向量表对647名大学生进行研究。研究显示:(1)创业动机在创业环境与大学生创业意向之间起部分中介作用;(2)性别调节了创业环境通过创业动机影响大学生创业意向的中介过程的前半路径。因此,创业环境对大学生创业意向的影响是有调节的中介效应,研究结论对提高大学生的创业意向具有重要的理论与实证价值。     

The two sides of goal intentions: Intention self-concordance and intention strength as predictors of physical activity

Objective: The present research introduces an extended conceptualisation of self-concordance, which is considered an attribute not only of goals, but also of goal intentions. Based on a corresponding operationalisation, we investigate the interplay of both intention strength and intention self-concordance in the prediction of physical activity.

Design: Data were taken from a longitudinal study of 134 obese people who were asked to fill out a questionnaire three times every six months.

Main measures: Physical activity and intention self-concordance were measured by validated scales. Intentions strength was assessed by an item typically employed in the extant literature.

Results: Logistic regression analyses and path analyses showed both intention strength and self-concordance to be significant predictors of changes in physical activity over time. Additional analyses found self-efficacy to be a significant predictor of intention strength and self-concordance; for outcome expectations this was not the case.

Conclusions: Findings support the idea that intention strength and self-concordance are two critical facets of a goal intention that need to be considered in the prediction of physical activity participation. Whereas intention strength refers to the degree of determination with which a goal intention is adopted, self-concordance rather captures the quality of this intention.     

工作家庭两不误为何这么难？基于工作家庭边界理论的探讨

为探讨工作家庭冲突对员工工作态度和行为倾向的影响, 以国内某大型制造企业集团位于北京、杭州、西安等地7家分公司的545名员工为样本, 采取问卷调查法在两个不同时段获取数据, 考察了角色压力(角色冲突、角色模糊和角色超载)在工作干涉家庭和家庭干涉工作这两种对偶冲突模式与员工工作满意度和离职意向之间的中介作用机制。结果显示：角色压力在工作家庭冲突与工作满意度和离职意向之间起到完全中介作用, 工作满意度在角色压力和离职意向之间起到部分中介作用。结论有助于分析工作家庭冲突的深层原因并采取恰当的干预策略, 降低工作家庭冲突对员工工作态度和行为倾向的负面影响。     

Relationships between various person–environment fit types and employee withdrawal behavior: A longitudinal study

This study investigated the relationships between various person–environment fit types and employees' withdrawal attitudes and behaviors. I collected an initial survey data from 901 employees who had been with their organizations for 6 months at most and whose current organizations were their first employers. Of these respondents, only 297 responded to the second survey, 6 months after the first. The results showed person–job, person–supervisor, and person–organization fits correlated significantly with turnover intention on the first survey. Logistic regression analyses showed only person–organization fit correlated significantly with actual turnover at the time of Survey 2. I discuss implications and limitations of this study.     

The influence of an online auction's product price and e-retailer reputation on consumers' perception, attitude, and behavioral intention

Online auctions combine the conventional auction model with information technology. However, information asymmetry within such auctions causes risks and uncertainties that influence consumer purchase intentions. In this study, a 2 (product price: high vs. low) × 2 (e-retailer reputation: high vs. low) experimental design was used to understand whether the product price and e-retailer reputation will influence consumers' perceived risk, attitude toward the website and purchase intention. The results of this study indicate that perceived risk negatively influences consumer attitude toward the website and online purchase intention, while consumer attitude toward the website positively influences purchase intention. Moreover, involvement moderates the influence of product price and e-retailer reputation only on social risk but does not have a significant effect on consumer attitude toward the website. This study contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of online auction users' behavior. Finally, the managerial implications, limitations and future research directions are also provided.     

幼儿对假装游戏中意图和行为作用的理解

关于儿童如何理解假装存在两种观点:一种观点认为幼儿能够从心理角度理解假装。另一种观点认为,幼儿只能从假装行为角度理解假装。本研究通过自制录像,考查了3～5岁幼儿对假装游戏中意图和行为作用的理解。实验中,给幼儿呈现3种不同类型的录像情境:有意图-有行为、有意图-无行为和无意图-有行为,要求幼儿回答录像中的主人公是否在假装。实验结果表明,随着幼儿年龄的增长,在录像中主人公明确表达其假装意图的情境下,幼儿能够从心理层面理解假装,并且3～4岁幼儿存在一个快速发展期;同时,假装实体的熟悉度可能影响幼儿对假装的理解。     

企业员工工作不安全感的实证分析

该研究采用自编的工作不安全感问卷,通过对武汉、广州、成都、太原等地12家企业的787名员工进行问卷调查,对企业员工工作不安全感的维度进行了探讨。探索性因素分析表明,企业员工的工作不安全感包括工作丧失、工作执行、薪酬晋升、过度竞争和人际关系不安全感等五个维度。五因素模型在验证性因素分析中得到了较好地验证。文章最后对工作不安全感的维度构成以及测量等相关问题进行了讨论。     

Terror and Collateral Damage: Are they Permissible?*

This article begins by comparing terror and death and then focuses on whether killing combatants and noncombatants as a mere means to create terror, that is in turn a means to winning a war, is ever permissible. The role of intentions and alternative acts one might have done is examined in this regard. The second part of the article begins by criticizing a standard justification for causing collateral (side effect) deaths in war and offers an alternative justification that makes use of the idea of group liability. * This article is a shortened version of my “Failures of Just War Theory: Terror, Harm, and Justice,” Ethics 114 (July 2004), pp. 650–694, with the addition of new material on the use of terror in Section 2.     

特需医疗服务发展意向研究概述

我国特需医疗服务发展已近20年,尽管其在满足较高层次的医疗保健需求方面确实起到了积极的作用,但同时在特需医疗服务的内涵、服务内容和承担主体等问题上却始终存在着较大争议。本研究从剖析各位学者对上述问题的不同观点入手,对特需医疗服务的供需双方进行意向调查,在此基础上探讨我国特需医疗服务发展的基本思路,为促进我国特需医疗服务的良性发展提供决策的参考依据。