What happens in a psychoanalysis?

A group of experienced analysts has developed scales and a coding manual illustrated with clinical examples to evaluate recorded analyses and psychodynamic therapies. The analytic process scales (APS) assesses three dimensions: (1) the contribution of the analyst: helping to develop a relationship in which the analyst can provide clarification and interpretation of transference and resistance; (2) the contribution of the patient: the communication of experience and the expression of feeling in ways which provide information about needs, wishes and conflicts, accompanied by self-reflection; and (3) interactional characteristics of the emerging relationship, explored by studying sessions divided into psychoanalytically coherent segments. A preliminary study of nine sessions has established that the variables assessed by the APS can be rated reliably. Study of the analysts' contributions illuminated their varied and complexstructure. Important differences emerged among the three patient-analyst pairs studied, and changes in scores over time tracked developments in the analytic work which would imply different treatment outcomes. The APS appears to be a reliable tool facilitating the systematic study of psychoanalyses.     

120名在校孤儿影响学习的心理因素调查研究

本文研究120名在校孤儿影响其学习的儿项心理因素情况．录川问卷测验法和个案调查法,结果表明：孤儿的智力水平、心理健康水平低于同龄正常儿童,提高学习能力较差,问题行为较多,但在校学习方法、与教师关系较好。     

学习时间在重复学习范式中的监测功能

通过让被试在自定步速的学习条件下完成重复学习任务,考察在重复学习范式中学习时间的监测功能。研究发现：在两次学习中,学习时间与学习判断等级和回忆成绩均有显著负相关;在第二次学习中,线索有效性不变,而随着线索利用率的提高,学习判断预测的准确性也显著提高。研究结果验证了学习时间的监测功能。     

Multiple Criteria Decision‐Making in Management Accounting and Control‐State of the Art and Research Perspectives Based on a Bibliometric Study

As an academic discipline as well as in practice, decision support is one of the most important functions of management accounting and control (MAC). Owing to decision settings' increasing complexity, suitable multiple criteria methods are becoming increasingly important for MAC. We, therefore, examine the extent to which certain multiple criteria decision‐making (MCDM) methods are used in the MAC context. In order to do so, we undertook an extensive bibliometric analysis of the management accounting field during the last three decades. The results indicate an increase in the importance of MCDM. Furthermore, recent research activities were classified into different areas of decision‐making within MAC since the majority of publications deal with the areas of strategic management, budgeting and performance management. More specifically, strategy and performance evaluation, strategic planning and the selection of alternatives are the most prominent MCDM applications. Our analysis reveals that the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is the most popular analytical tool with which to support management in complex decision‐making situations. The results of the study prove that technical MAC literature does not cover a desirable range of MCDM applications and that the AHP, as well as the analytic network process (ANP) are of increasing importance in respect of the international scope of MAC. Therefore, the area of MCDM continues to be an active part of management science research and application, specifically of MAC. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

On being victimized by peers in the advent of adolescence: prospective relationships to objectified body consciousness

Previous research indicates that peer victimization is tied to children's negative appearance evaluations. The current study examines whether early peer victimization is also prospectively related to objectified body consciousness. Six-hundred-and-two Swedish boys and girls answered questionnaires at age 10, and again at age 18. Main findings showed that being the target of peer victimization at age 10 was related to more habitual appearance monitoring and body shame at age 18. Gender moderated the relations between victimization and body shame, with victimized girls experiencing stronger body shame than victimized boys. Additionally, whereas boys experienced less body shame than girls, they were equally likely to monitor their appearance. In sum, this study provides preliminary support to the notion that peer victimization is involved in the processes by which young adolescents’ self-objectify. Future studies are warranted to further validate these findings.     

鼻咽癌治疗方法的比较

鼻咽癌是我国南方省市最常见的头颈恶性肿瘤,放疗为其首选治疗方案,但患者五年生存率仍然不高。本文阅读国内外对鼻咽癌多种治疗方案的报道,结合湘雅医院、湘雅二医院对鼻咽癌某些治疗方案,通过分析对比不同治疗方案的疗效、患者生存质量及费用,讨论该病的最佳治疗方案,以期能在目前条件下提高鼻咽癌患者的治疗效果及生存质量。     

易学史研究与符号遮蔽——从惠栋研究误区出发

易学史研究中存在符号遮蔽问题,就表象而言,符号遮蔽问题与语言使用中的简化性有关,也受到循环历史观与进化历史观相互竞争的影响,从根本上言,遮蔽问题有其内在矛盾根源,即符号的无限与有限、开放与封闭、普遍与特殊的矛盾,解决遮蔽问题的关键在于还原符号内在的时间性、开放性与特殊性。     

近十年来我国儿童孤独感的研究现状与展望

儿童孤独感是儿童觊觎自己对同伴关系与友谊质量的自我知觉而产生的一种消极的、弥漫性的主观情绪体验。近十年来,国内学者开始关注留守儿童、学业不良儿童的孤独感,探讨同伴关系、认知因素、家庭环境、师生关系以及社会支持等因素对儿童孤独感的影响,但缺乏适合本土化的儿童孤独感的量表;探讨单一因素对孤独感的研究较多,多因素交互作用对孤独感的影响的较少;调查研究较多,追踪研究较少。今后,将创建适合我国本土化的儿童孤独感量表并注重横断与追踪研究相结合的方法,儿童孤独感将会趋于追踪研究的发展并会构建出适合我国儿童孤独感的干预方案。     

反社会行为潜在遗传因素的全基因组关联分析

反社会行为是一种受基因和环境共同影响的复杂性行为, 但单个基因如单胺氧化酶基因(MAOA)、5-羟色胺转运体启动因子基因(5-HTT)、儿茶酚-o-甲基转移酶(COMT)基因的影响并不能全面解释其产生的分子遗传机制。来自分子遗传学研究取向的方法—— 全基因组关联分析(genome-wide association study, GWAS), 把人类基因组中数以百万计的单核苷酸(SNPs)和复制数变异(CNVs)作为遗传标记, 在全基因组层面上, 开展多中心、大样本的关联研究, 经过反复验证来发现与外在表型相关的基因位点, 为进一步了解反社会行为复杂分子遗传机制提供了重要的线索。未来的研究应该通过科学的实验设计将精确的基因分型技术与心理、环境因素相结合, 实现对复杂性行为或特质的基因-心理-环境模型的成因性分析。     

服务型领导影响工作繁荣的动态双向机制

本研究基于资源保存理论, 采用动态追踪设计与双向影响设计, 通过文献研究和追踪问卷调查研究等方法, 揭示服务型领导对个人及团队工作繁荣影响的跨层作用机制、边界条件以及服务型领导与下属的双向影响过程, 从而增进对服务型领导作用机制的理解, 深化对领导本身动态变化本质的理解, 拓展工作繁荣前因变量的研究, 也为各类组织改善领导方式、提高领导效能、促进员工工作繁荣提供指导。