糖尿病周围神经病变的临床特征及诊断

对称性多发性神经病是糖尿病周围神经病变最常见的类型,根据受损神经纤维的不同,其临床特征亦有差别。目前已有多种方法用于糖尿病周围神经病变的诊断,包括简单的筛查方法,神经电生理检查,定量感觉检查及形态学检查等,但其标准的诊断定义还未达成一致。     

‘Are you a woman—or a flower?’: The capacity to experience beauty1

Being surprised by beauty, being drawn to and moved by it and surrendering to its sensory nature are all part of beauty's emotionally transformative power. And yet, psychoanalysis has had little to say about such an enriching dimension of psychological life. The author highlights how experiencing beauty is a capacity that is not isolated but is part of the lifelong experience of being changed by and changing the experience of the world we live in. She suggests that the capacity to experience beauty takes different forms at distinct points in development and in psychoanalytic treatments. The author describes two clinical occasions from a case where an analytic pair struggled to develop a greater capacity to experience beauty over time. She discusses how a theory of the aesthetic conflict was useful in helping to understand her patient's inner object world but was not sufficient when it came to understanding the experience of beauty. She shows how for both patient and analyst, experiencing beauty's full effect required responding to the call toward emotional life, surrendering to the surprise and the unknown, and letting go of the mind's struggle to find meaning and opening up to transforming and being transformed through sensory experience.     

自我概念影响选择性记忆的理论模型与研究

关于自我概念对个人选择性记忆的影响及其机制问题目前主要存在不一致—负性忽略模型和关联模型两种解释。前者假定,个人努力忽略对与其积极自我概念不一致或冲突信息的加工,以维持其自我概念的稳定性,但该模型忽视了自我概念的个别差异。后者则假定,自我概念对选择性记忆的影响是由评价性信息与自我概念的关联程度决定的,并质疑记忆的心境一致性效应,但该模型无法解释积极自我概念者面临消极心境和消极自我概念者面临积极心境时对外部信息的记忆模式。未来研究有必要考察即时性心境状态下不同自我概念对选择性记忆加工的影响,以促进对自我概念和心境状态影响记忆选择性及其机制的深入理解。     

Child victims: Searching for opportunities to break the cycle of violence

In 1986 I began research to address the relationship between early child abuse and neglect and later deliquent and violent criminal behavior using a prospective cohort design. The relationship is not inevitable, suggesting an opportunity for long-range violence prevention through appropriate early intervention. Here, I briefly describe how childhood victimization and violent criminal behavior are related and illustrate a number of promising strategies and opportunities to intervene. Finally, I offer five principles to guide interventions: (1) the earlier the intervention, the better; (2) don't neglect neglected children; (3) one size does not fit all; (4) surveillance—a double-edged sword; and (5) accessibility to resources. Rather than focusing on responses to child abuse or neglect in court proceedings that “treat” offenders, primary prevention efforts should target childhood victims to reduce their risk of becoming offenders in the future.     

不同注意形式调节听感觉门控的神经机制

前脉冲抑制(prepulse inhibition, PPI)是听感觉门控的测量模型, 反映了听觉系统的早期信息选择功能。尽管PPI的主要神经环路位于脑干, 研究发现PPI可以被注意自上而下调节。然而, 已有研究并未区分不同注意(特征注意和空间注意)对PPI的特异性调节, 并且神经机制方面的研究集中于听皮层区域, 仍缺乏对皮层下机制的探讨。在以往研究的成果基础之上, 借助听觉信息加工的双通路模型, 采用行为测量、脑电和脑成像技术, 揭示特征和空间两种注意调节PPI的神经活动在听觉系统中的层次性神经表达。包括1)建立特征注意和空间注意调节PPI的统一行为模型, 考察两种注意调节PPI的时间动态性异同; 2)两种注意调节PPI的脑干分离机制, 即前脉冲刺激包络和精细结构成分加工在注意调节PPI中的作用差异; 3)两种注意调节PPI的关键脑区和脑网络差异。     

父母忽视与青少年短视频过度使用的关系：正念和自我控制的中介机制

为考察父母忽视与青少年短视频过度使用的关系,并探索正念与自我控制的多重中介机制,选取1015名青少年为研究对象,进行父母忽视、自我控制、正念和短视频过度使用的测量。结果表明：（1）父母忽视与短视频过度使用呈显著正相关。（2）自我控制在父母忽视与短视频过度使用间起中介作用,且正念和自我控制还在两者间起链式中介作用。     

ASMR-Experience Questionnaire (AEQ): A data-driven step towards accurately classifying ASMR responders

Autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR) describes an atypical multisensory experience of calming, tingling sensations that originate in the crown of the head in response to a specific subset of audio-visual triggers. There is currently no tool that can accurately classify both ASMR-Responders and non-responders, while simultaneously identifying False-Positive cases that are similar sensory-emotional experiences. This study sought to fill this gap by developing a new online psychometric tool – the ASMR-Experiences Questionnaire (AEQ). Participants watched a series of short ASMR videos and answered sensory-affective questions immediately afterwards. Using a k-means clustering approach, we identified five data-driven groupings, based on tingle- and affect-related scores. ASMR-Responders differentiate based on ASMR propensity and intensity (ASMR-Strong; ASMR-Weak); non-responders differentiate based on response valence (Control+; Control−; False-Positive). Recommendations for how the AEQ and the respective output groups can be best utilized to enhance ASMR research are discussed.     

Ecological validity of neuropsychological assessment: Do neuropsychological indexes predict performance in everyday activities?

This paper discusses the nature of neuropsychological assessment within the context of ecological validity. It considers the extent to which traditional neuropychological tests can predict performance in everyday life before going on to describe several new procedures designed to map directly on to real life functioning.