Searching for the Roots of the Circumstantial Ad Hominem

This paper looks into the known evidence on the origins of the type of argument called the circumstantial ad hominemargument in modern logic textbooks, and introduces some new evidence. This new evidence comes primarily from recent historical work by Jaap Mansfeld and Jonathan Barnes citing many cases where philosophers in the ancient world were attacked on the grounds that their personal actions failed to be consistent with their philosophical teachings. On the total body of evidence, two hypotheses about the roots of the circumstantial ad hominem are considered. One is that it came from Aristotle through Locke. The other is that it may have had separate roots in these ancient philosophical writings that criticized philosophers for not practicing what they preached.     

来自基层医生的呼吁：重视社区医疗—《行医日记》选载

《行医日记》用行医实践说明了社区医疗的作用、地位、服务方式、服务内容以及社区医疗的诸多困难,社区医疗应该有其特定的社会地位和学术地位,以下几篇内容是根据日常所做、所想、所感而作的总结。对基层医疗的社区服务性质应该有个全新的认识。     

Package Graphics and Consumer Product Beliefs

In recent years, marketers' tactics to increase product sales through health claims have been scrutinized by public policy makers. The culmination of this process was the passage of the National Labeling Education Act, which highly restricts the type, amount, and format of nutritional information conveyed on the package. In this investigation, we examine an under-explored aspect of the package—its colors and pictures—to determine what, if any, impact these aspects have on consumer beliefs regarding important product characteristics. We find that even when very concrete verbal information is used, graphical representations have a significant and long-term effect on product beliefs and purchase intentions.     

不同认知负荷汉字输入的眼动研究

采用Tobii1750眼动仪记录不同汉字输入法输入句子材料、单字材料、词组材料时眼动的注视次数、平均注视时间及瞳孔直径的变化,结果发现随认知负荷的加大,注视次数、平均注视时间没有显著变化,瞳孔直径则随认知负荷的增加而缩小.     

Developing a Measure That Captures Elderly’s Well-Being in Local Marketplace Transactions

The goal of this study is to report on the development of a measure designed to capture elderly satisfaction with local retail establishments. The measure is based on the notion that elderly consumers experience well-being with retail institutions in purchasing food, housing, household operations, household furnishings, clothing and accessories, personal care, medical care, recreation, transportation, and education. Two-hundred and forty-nine (N = 249) elderly consumers were surveyed to demonstrate the validity of this measure. Specifically, it was hypothesized that satisfaction with retail establishments in one’s community contributes to overall life satisfaction. The data supported the validity of the measure.     

AFFECT,SYMPTOM, FANTASY,DREAM: CLINICAL AND THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS

A symptom being studied in the process of analysis can be seen as not unlike the unconscious affect it sprang from. The author presents a case in which a symptom, premature ejaculation, was analogous to the unconscious affect of guilt, which itself seemed to be a premature defensive transformation of a deeper current of anger. Guilt was interpreted as if it were a psychic premature ejaculation, a defensive derailment of anger. Fantasy and dream seemed to be engaged in similar transformations, with a fantasy of “premature incarceration” not unlike the symptom itself in its analogous functioning. Analysis of affect, symptom, fantasy, and dream in complex, integrative analytic process led not only to resolution of the symptom itself, but also to a deeper understanding of the mind's complex functioning in general.     

Healthcare at Your Fingertips: The Professional Ethics of Smartphone Health-Monitoring Applications

Health professionals are inundated by the surfeit of health apps while lacking guidance to help them critically evaluate whether a particular health-monitoring app is safe, likely to lead to clinical benefit, and not introduce additional liability. Our objective is not to argue for or against the use of mobile health-monitoring apps but to illuminate the associated ethical issues and provide recommendations to guide the ethical decision-making process for clinicians who are considering the use of a mobile health-monitoring app. To this end, the Canadian Code of Ethics for Psychologists is used as a framework to situate recommendations.     

The effect of acculturation and ethnic identification on consumer disidentification and consumption: An investigation of U.S. Hispanics

This study examines the antecedents and outcomes of consumer disidentification (CDI) among immigrants and the role that cultural change plays in affecting this consumer orientation. Specifically, it explores the effect of acculturation and ethnic identification on host nation sentiments (i.e., host nation identification, disidentification, and affinity) and how the latter influence CDI. Then, it assesses the effect of CDI on consumer behaviors including product quality judgments and willingness to buy products originating in the host country. Survey data from a convenience sample of 555 adults of Cuban and Puerto Rican origin, who live in the USA, confirm that disidentification with the host nation is the basis of CDI. Acculturation is the process through which disidentification with the host nation and the resulting CDI can be mitigated. However, ethnic identification shows inconsistencies in affecting consumers' sentiments toward the host nation and CDI. While CDI is negatively related to consumers' willingness to buy domestic products, it does not seem to affect consumers' willingness to buy domestic products through their product quality judgments. Practically, this study facilitates strategic marketing decisions that are related to the presentation of country‐of‐origin (COO) product attributes in marketing communication and branding campaigns. This study is one of the few empirical studies on CDI, and it focuses on COO effects of domestic rather than foreign products among subcultures within national boundaries. Understanding COO effects among subnational cultural consumers is of primary importance given the ever‐increasing ethnic diversification of consumer markets.     

Priced just for me: The role of interpersonal attachment style on consumer responses to customized pricing

Customized pricing is an increasing phenomenon in the marketplace, but little is known about factors influencing consumer responses to customized pricing. The present paper seeks to gain an understanding of how, why, and when this emerging pricing mechanism may offer benefits. Specifically, this research focuses on how consumers respond to customized pricing tactics and, more specifically, on how interpersonal attachment orientations impact consumers' responses to prices offered in the presence of a customized pricing program. The results of 3 studies suggest that customized pricing programs likely create an expectation for a discounted price among securely attached individuals, such that these consumers are dissatisfied paying the shelf price in the presence of a customized pricing program. Overall, the results provide evidence that, although customized pricing programs are often used to enhance consumer evaluations, they may not always be effective. This paper advances prior research by integrating important considerations for both pricing and customization strategies based on individual and situational differences in attachment orientations.     

品牌依恋:理论、测量及与相关变量的关系

品牌依恋是消费心理学和营销领域的重要概念。在理论层面,它描述了品牌与消费者之间的关系,可以有效预测消费者的行为。在应用层面,品牌依恋可以反映营销方案对产品销售的促进作用,因此也受到营销管理者的密切关注。在广泛考察已有文献,特别是近10年国内外文献的基础上,本文对品牌依恋的概念、测量方法、理论模型、影响因素和结果变量、以及与相关变量的辨析等进行了梳理,也对国内品牌依恋的相关研究进行了介绍。最后,未来的品牌依恋的研究应从三个方面开展,包括整合理论观点、提高外部效度和考察文化差异。