Self–Other Relations in Biodiversity Conservation in the Community: Representational Processes and Adjustment to New Actions

This research explores the simultaneous role of two Self–Other relations in the elaboration of representations at the micro‐ and ontogenetic levels, assuming that it can result in acceptance and/or resistance to new laws. Drawing on the Theory of Social Representations, it concretely looks at how individuals elaborate new representations relevant for biodiversity conservation in the context of their relations with their local community (an interactional Other) and with the legal/reified sphere (an institutional Other). This is explored in two studies in Portuguese Natura 2000 sites where a conservation project calls residents to protect an at‐risk species. Study 1 shows that (i) agreement with the institutional Other (the laws) and meta‐representations of the interactional Other (the community) as approving of conservation independently help explain (at the ontogenetic level) internalisation of conservation goals and willingness to act; (ii) the same meta‐representations operating at the micro‐genetic level attenuate the negative relation between ambivalence and willingness to act. Study 2 shows that a meta‐representation of the interactional Other as showing no clear position regarding conservation increases ambivalence. Findings demonstrate the necessarily social nature of representational processes and the importance of considering them at more than one level for understanding responses to new policy/legal proposals. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Practice papers all power to the consumer? Complexity and choice in consumers' lives

This paper draws together selected insights from a range of projects, primarily the Future Foundation's ‘Complicated Lives’ research programme for Abbey National. Unless otherwise sourced, all findings in this paper are based on Complicated Lives 1 & 2 (2001, 2002) The author also draws on research sponsored by a range of clients including Ananova (the future of news), First Direct (e‐service monitor, nPower (drivers for online bill payment) as well as nVision's own Changing Lives ongoing programme of research. This paper is based on a chapter of a forthcoming book, Complicated Lives, due to be published in 2003. Copyright © 2002 Henry Stewart Publications.     

Big Picture,Bad Outcomes: When Visual Perspectives Harm Health Goal Pursuit

People often fail to achieve health goals, which compromises their well‐being. Prior research suggests that seeing events through an observer's eyes (i.e., adopting a third‐person perspective) should facilitate goal pursuit. However, we find that third‐person perspectives discourage goal‐consistent intentions and behavior for health goals when goal centrality is low (i.e., the goal is peripheral to one's self‐concept). In Experiment 1, people who adopted a third‐person perspective chose more sugary foods if they considered a healthy eating goal to be more peripheral to the self. Experiment 2 examines why a third‐person perspective can hinder goal pursuit; it encourages a breakdown in implemental thinking which, in turn, increases negative self‐conscious emotions. While high goal centrality buffers people from negative effects on goal intentions, low centrality does not. Experiment 3 demonstrates that this effect is robust when goal centrality is manipulated. We recommend that consumers pursuing health goals (and individuals who support them) exercise caution when employing perspective‐based strategies, as they may backfire for people at greatest risk of goal abandonment.     

Financial product sensitivity predicts financial health

Recent research has aimed to understand how people consider financial decisions because they have important consequences for well-being. Yet existing research has largely failed to examine how attitudes and behaviors vary as a function of the specific financial product (e.g., debt type). We ask to what extent people differentiate between similarly categorized financial products (e.g., debt or investment) as a function of their terms (e.g., interest costs and expected returns) and whether such differentiation predicts financial health. Across four studies, we find not only that there are individual differences in attitudes toward similar financial products (e.g., two distinct loans), but also that the extent to which a consumer is averse to high-cost versus low-cost products predicts financial health. This relationship cannot be fully explained by financial literacy, numeracy, or intertemporal discounting. In addition, nudging people toward differentiating between financial products promotes decisions that are aligned with financial health.     

注视线索对消费者的影响机制

心理学研究发现眼睛注视线索不仅能够引导社会性注意,还会影响个体对物品的感觉和知觉。注视线索对消费者的影响体现在认知和态度两方面：一方面,模特注视线索能够引导消费者注意,增强消费者对广告或产品的记忆;另一方面,模特注视线索会影响消费者对产品的喜欢程度和购买意愿,以及对服务人员的评价。未来可以从产品、消费者、消费情景及注视线索发起人等方面进一步探索注视线索对消费者心理和行为的影响。     

婚姻关系中的情绪表达和情绪表达冲突

探讨了婚姻关系中自尊、情绪表达、情绪表达冲突与婚姻满意度之间的关系。186名被试完成了自尊、情绪表达、情绪表达冲突与婚姻满意度问卷。结果发现：低自尊导致了高情绪表达冲突,且高情绪表达冲突不利于伴侣的情绪表达和婚姻满意度;自尊通过情绪表达和情绪表达冲突影响婚姻满意度;男性的情绪表达冲突高于女性,且自尊通过情绪表达冲突影响婚姻满意度的间接效应在男性中更为明显。     

消费心理学中的风险认知

文章回顾了消费心理学研究中有关风险认知的文献,对于双因素模型、多维度模型、复杂模型和整合模型等风险认知的概念模型进行了综合介绍,并分析了影响消费者风险认知的因素、产品风险与服务风险的差异以及降低风险认知的策略。文章最后展望了消费者风险认知的研究趋势,尤其是电子商务中的风险认知问题。     

消费者研究：存在主义现象学方法论与应用

在实证主义占主导地位的消费者研究领域,存在主义现象学具有其独特优势,它提供了对消费现象的一种基于经验的、方法论上的准确理解。如果不考虑哲学假设和方法论约束上的差异,存在主义现象学方法也能符合逻辑实证主义主要评价标准的要求。文章在消费者研究范式的大框架中对之进行了阐述,试图说明并强调,非实证主义方法也有自身的哲学基础和具体规范,但只有准确地运用,才能发挥出对学术研究的独特价值     

I Was Pleased a Moment Ago: How Pleasure Varies with Background and Foreground Reference Points

The pleasure of an outcome is often evaluated relative to salient reference points. In the background, increasing sequences of positive outcomes are more enjoyable than decreasing sequences. In the foreground, outcomes that could have been worse are often more enjoyable than those that could have been better. How does pleasure vary when both background and foreground reference points are salient? Using a repeated gambling task in which participants make a choice, learn the outcome, watch their cumulative earnings change, and rate the pleasure of the outcome, we explore this question. Pleasure depends on background and foreground reference points, but the immediate events tend to dominate. The relatively narrow focus on the most recent reference points leads to myopic pleasure. We offer a modified version of decision affect theory to account for the results and explore the implications for consumer satisfaction.