The Impact of Asymmetric Partial Feedback on Response‐Bias

For many decisions we make, we are more likely to receive feedback about some outcomes than about others, and thus we must operate under conditions of asymmetric partial feedback. In this paper, we examine the effects of asymmetric partial feedback on decision making across three experiments. Experiment 1 examines the effects of four partial feedback schedules on decision making in a single‐attribute auditory detection task. Experiment 2 examines these same schedules in the context of a simulated experiment in which virtual participants perform a multi‐attribute choice task. Experiment 3 then examines effects of one partial feedback schedule representative of a real‐world decision‐making domain (personnel selection) using an ecologically informed multi‐attribute choice task. All three experiments reveal that asymmetric partial feedback primarily impacts on response‐bias, a parameter of signal detection theory. These findings can be explained in terms of decision makers' attempts to maximize accuracy and the fact that shifts in response‐bias will, under partial feedback, produce misleading impressions of greater accuracy. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Ritual and spontaneity in healthcare and in the organisation of therapeutic communities

The author, following constructivist psychoanalysis, observes a dialectic at work in the therapeutic community between knowledge and authority of the analyst and his/her spontaneity on the one hand, and between the formal and informal roles that therapists adopt in a therapeutic community on the other hand. The key to successful therapy, he suggests, lies in maintaining this dialectic. He then goes on to discuss the function of staff teams in therapeutic communities and the importance of taking into account the patients’ unconscious representations of the team. He stresses the need for leadership in therapeutic communities and in engaging with moral issues and not just clinical ones.     

双文化个体的文化框架转换:影响因素与结果

文化与跨文化心理学的研究兴趣已经从关注文化差异转移到文化与心理如何相互影响。基于动态建构主义取向的文化框架转换(cultural frame switch,CFS)模型认为:个体完全可以同时拥有两种及其以上的文化构念网络,它们具有动态性,受情境线索所驱动,个体可以在不同文化之间根据情境需要进行文化框架的转换。CFS受到个体的种族内隐观和双文化认同整合的影响;CFS所积累的多元文化经验可以提高创造性和认知复杂性,也可能产生文化刻板化,导致对外来文化的排斥。未来研究可以探讨CFS的适用范围,进一步细化研究,考察主流群体成员的CFS,重视整合视角的研究,运用多元研究方法。借鉴该领域的研究思路对于考察我国的少数民族等多元文化个体的文化认同和文化适应具有重要启示。     

情绪的社会建构理论

情绪的社会建构理论认为,尽管情绪活动的产生基础于一个或多个行为生物系统之上,但是情绪的功能性意义主要是在社会文化系统中获得的;情绪存在于社会所创设、人们所扮演的角色之中;情绪是社会建构的产物,其本质只有在社会水平上加以分析才能得以完全充分的理解     

Understanding the Trusted Doctor and Constructing a Theory of Bioethics

This paper offers a constructivist account of bioethics as an alternative to previous discussions that explained the ethics of medicine by an extrapolation of principles or virtues from ordinary morality. Taking medicine as a higher and special calling, I argue that the practice of medicine would be impossible without the trust of patients. Because trust is a necessary condition for medical practice, the ethics of the profession must provide the principles for guiding physician behavior and the profession toward promoting trust and being trustworthy. In a phrase, that principle is “seek trust and deserve it.” I sketch out how the concept of trust provides a different justification for common sense principles of bioethics and explain how the concept of trust provides reasonable guidance for resolving moral conflicts within medicine. The trust-seeking approach provides a new and unexpected ordering of some traditional medical values, it reveals the weightiness of previously undervalued bioethical precepts, and illuminates the centrality of some largely ignored obligations of medicine. It also has the power to guide clinical practice and to inform the profession about standards for medical institutions. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Talking about race in a scientific context

There are at least two approaches that assist students in understanding complexity and differing interpretations about human diversity and race. Because differing perspectives emerge from data perceived at different levels, different scales provide a tool for understanding relationships among perspectives and understanding the differential importance of specific factors. Constructivist listening, which assists students in examining their own experiences, feelings and understanding, provides a tool for digesting complex new material and learning emotional literacy. It can be applied to dialogue about race and to classroom situations. These approaches can help students master the conceptual and interpersonal skills needed for successful scientific practice. This article was adapted from a presentation made at the “Communicating Science Conference” held at Hamilton College, Clinton, NY, October 1998.     

Vernon Smith开创的实验经济学及其对心理学研究的启示

2002年度诺贝尔经济学奖得主Vernon Smith是实验经济学的创始人。他获奖的原因是“在实验经济分析尤其是选择性市场机制研究中引入了实验室实验”,开创了经济学研究的新领域。该文介绍了实验经济学的理论基础、其主要研究领域以及实验经济学的新方向——神经经济学的研究。该文着重介绍并分析了实验经济学中与心理学研究有关的部分,以期对心理学研究有所启示。