"成功求职"干预项目对下岗人员影响的比较研究--来自广州的研究报告

失业问题已经成为我国社会发展中迫切需要解决的社会问题。本研究采用了“成功求职”干预项目,设计实验组和对照组来进行比较。结果表明：“成功求职”干预项目对下岗失业人员有积极影响,而且呈现出越来越好的趋势。     

不同权力关系对消极特质否定句使用偏向的影响

采用固定反应范式和自由反应范式, 通过创设语用情景, 考察不同权力关系对消极特质否定句使用偏向的影响。结果表明：(1)低权力者评价高权力者时, 被试倾向于使用否定方式(如“不聪明的”), 并认为否定的表述方式合适性较高, 出现否定偏向; 而高权力者评价低权力者, 或者权力平级时则没有否定偏向的出现, 肯定表述(如“愚蠢的”)被更多使用; (2)权力平级时, 社会距离会影响消极特质否定句的使用, 社会距离越远, 消极特质否定句的使用越少; 社会距离越近, 消极特质否定句的使用越多。结果表明, 权力关系与社会距离是影响消极特质否定句使用偏向的重要因素。     

群体决策中的知识构建过程

群体决策作为管理活动的一个重要内容一直是许多学科研究的重点。在决策过程中,决策者如何利用、整合信息,从而修改其原有的认知模式,重新构建后续加工模式,即决策者在决策过程中如何进行知识构建越来越受到研究者的关注。该文从影响知识构建的因素、决策构建过程及决策绩效等方面考察了以往与群体决策中知识构建过程相关的研究,并总结了目前知识构建研究中使用的测量方法和指标     

Blind and constructive patriotism,national symbols and outgroup attitudes

We examined whether there is a relationship between the different forms patriotism can take (i.e., blind vs. constructive) and different representations of one's own nation. We considered two types of national symbols representing the nation in terms of confrontation between groups (polarized symbols) and as a unique entity (unpolarized symbols). In Study 1 we found that blind patriotism was positively associated with the degree to which individuals perceived their nation through confrontation whereas constructive patriotism was positively associated with the degree to which individuals perceived their nation as unique entity. In Study 2 we tested how the relationship between blind patriotism and outgroup attitudes changed when the nation was defined either through confrontation or as a unique entity. The results emphasize the essential role of the specific meaning associated to the nation when studying patriotism and its relation to outgroup attitudes.     

Constructive Logic with Strong Negation is a Substructural Logic. I

The goal of this two-part series of papers is to show that constructive logic with strong negation N is definitionally equivalent to a certain axiomatic extension NFL _ew of the substructural logic FL _ew . In this paper, it is shown that the equivalent variety semantics of N (namely, the variety of Nelson algebras) and the equivalent variety semantics of NFL _ew (namely, a certain variety of FL _ew -algebras) are term equivalent. This answers a longstanding question of Nelson [30]. Extensive use is made of the automated theorem-prover Prover9 in order to establish the result. The main result of this paper is exploited in Part II of this series [40] to show that the deductive systems N and NFL _ew are definitionally equivalent, and hence that constructive logic with strong negation is a substructural logic over FL _ew . Presented by Heinrich Wansing     

高校及教育系统领导干部构念人格特质与岗位胜任性关系

提出构念人格特质概念,采用自编的《领导干部人格特质和岗位胜任性问卷》,对126名优秀高校领导干部和68名优秀教育行政部门领导干部进行意见征询,提取了对胜任高校领导岗位最有影响的30项构念人格特质,获得了上述30个项目的7个公共因素并分别命名为开拓与组织适应性、宜人与合作性、自信与进取性、责任与条理性、稳重与务实性、身心健康与理智性、自制与成熟性,从而揭示高校领导干部构念人格特质与岗位胜任性之间的关系.     

人际沟通中的语言偏向及影响因素

语言偏向是指因交流目标所属社会范畴不同而造成的语言使用差异。目前对语言偏向的研究主要集中在语言群际偏向(LIB)、语言期望偏向(LEB)以及否定偏向(NB)。对语言偏向的理论解释主要包括动机机制和认知机制。语言偏向受到沟通者的认知与刻板印象、情绪、人格特质、群体认同、沟通目标、沟通情境等因素的影响。拓展语言偏向的心理机制、类型与应用研究、创新研究方法以及开展汉语本土化研究是语言偏向研究的未来方向。     

Action negation and alternative reductions for dynamic deontic logics

Dynamic deontic logics reduce normative assertions about explicit complex actions to standard dynamic logic assertions about the relation between complex actions and violation conditions. We address two general, but related problems in this field. The first is to find a formalization of the notion of ‘action negation’ that (1) has an intuitive interpretation as an action forming combinator and (2) does not impose restrictions on the use of other relevant action combinators such as sequence and iteration, and (3) has a meaningful interpretation in the normative context. The second problem we address concerns the reduction from deontic assertions to dynamic logic assertions. Our first point is that we want this reduction to obey the free-choice semantics for norms. For ought-to-be deontic logics it is generally accepted that the free-choice semantics is counter-intuitive. But for dynamic deontic logics we actually consider it a viable, if not, the better alternative. Our second concern with the reduction is that we want it to be more liberal than the ones that were proposed before in the literature. For instance, Meyer's reduction does not leave room for action whose normative status is neither permitted nor forbidden. We test the logics we define in this paper against a set of minimal logic requirements.     

On the Representation of N4-Lattices

N4-lattices provide algebraic semantics for the logic N4, the paraconsistent variant of Nelson's logic with strong negation. We obtain the representation of N4-lattices showing that the structure of an arbitrary N4-lattice is completely determined by a suitable implicative lattice with distinguished filter and ideal. We introduce also special filters on N4-lattices and prove that special filters are exactly kernels of homomorphisms. Criteria of embeddability and to be a homomorphic image are obtained for N4-lattices in terms of the above mentioned representation. Finally, subdirectly irreducible N4-lattices are described.     

Nelson's Negation on the Base of Weaker Versions of Intuitionistic Negation

Constructive logic with Nelson negation is an extension of the intuitionistic logic with a special type of negation expressing some features of constructive falsity and refutation by counterexample. In this paper we generalize this logic weakening maximally the underlying intuitionistic negation. The resulting system, called subminimal logic with Nelson negation, is studied by means of a kind of algebras called generalized N-lattices. We show that generalized N-lattices admit representation formalizing the intuitive idea of refutation by means of counterexamples giving in this way a counterexample semantics of the logic in question and some of its natural extensions. Among the extensions which are near to the intuitionistic logic are the minimal logic with Nelson negation which is an extension of the Johansson's minimal logic with Nelson negation and its in a sense dual version — the co-minimal logic with Nelson negation. Among the extensions near to the classical logic are the well known 3-valued logic of Lukasiewicz, two 12-valued logics and one 48-valued logic. Standard questions for all these logics — decidability, Kripke-style semantics, complete axiomatizability, conservativeness are studied. At the end of the paper extensions based on a new connective of self-dual conjunction and an analog of the Lukasiewicz middle value ½ have also been considered.