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711.
冯玉 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2007,28(8):60-61,65
自我伤害行为是指在没有自杀动机的情况下,个体反复地改变或伤害自己的身体组织,但不具致命性。在简要对自我伤害行为界定的基础上,对目前国外较有影响力的自伤功能模型,即环境功能模型、驱力功能模型、情绪管理功能模型、边界功能模型、体验回避功能模型进行了总结。未来的研究需要进一步加强功能测量方面的探讨。 相似文献
712.
Blanton, Jaccard, Gonzales, and Christie [Blanton, H., Jaccard, J., Gonzales, P., Christie, C. (2006). Decoding the Implicit Association Test: implications for criterion prediction. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 42, 192-212.] assert that the Implicit Association Test (IAT) imposes a model that portrays relative preferences as the additive difference between single attitudes. This assertion is misplaced because relative preferences do not necessarily reduce to component attitudes. BJGC also assume that the IAT conditions represent two indicators of the same construct. This assumption is incorrect, and is the cause of their poor-fitting models. The IAT, like other experimental paradigms, contrasts performance between interdependent conditions, and cannot be reduced to component parts. This is true whether calculating a simple difference between conditions, or using the IAT D score. D—an individual effect size that is monotonically related to Cohen’s d—codifies the interdependency between IAT conditions. When their unjustified psychometric assumptions are replaced with plausible assumptions, the models fit their data very well, and basis for their poor-fitting models becomes clear. 相似文献
713.
Brief experimental analyses of reading fluency are useful for identifying effective interventions for improving reading fluency.
The current study extends previous research by conducting an exploratory evaluation of brief experimental analyses of reading
fluency for Spanish reading. A 10-year old Hispanic male presented with reading fluency deficits for English and Spanish reading.
Brief experimental analyses of English and Spanish reading identified distinct interventions for each which increased oral
reading fluency. Intervention procedures evaluated during brief experimental analyses included listening passage preview,
repeated readings, and reward. Replication of analyses was conducted to examine changes in instructional need over time. For
English reading, the intervention identified during the initial analysis (i.e., listening passage preview with repeated readings)
was identified as the most effective when the analysis was replicated. For Spanish reading, listening passage preview was
identified as the most effective intervention during the initial analysis, while repeated readings was identified as most
effective when the analysis was replicated. Results are discussed in terms of future research given the exploratory nature
of the current study. 相似文献
714.
McAllister M Payne K Nicholls S MacLeod R Donnai D Davies LM 《Journal of genetic counseling》2007,16(1):71-83
Outcome measurement in clinical genetics is challenging. Outcome attributes used currently have been developed by service
providers or adapted from measures used in other areas of healthcare. Many of the ‘patients’ in clinical genetics are healthy
but at risk of developing or transmitting a condition. Usually no pharmacological or surgical treatment is offered, although
information-giving is an objective of most consultations. We argue that services should be evaluated on the basis of how well
they alleviate the effects of disease, from a patient perspective. This paper describes a qualitative study using seven focus
groups with health professionals, patients and patient representatives. Social and emotional effects of genetics diseases
were identified. Some differences emerged between the effects identified by health professionals and those identified by patients.
These findings will be used to inform the evaluation of existing outcome measures and develop robust measures of outcome for
clinical genetics services. 相似文献
715.
西方社区感研究的现状与趋势 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
社区感指社区成员之间及其同团体之间的相互影响与归属感,通过彼此承诺而使成员需要得以满足的共同信念,并且以社区历史为基础所形成的情感联结。文章首先说明了社区感概念的形成与发展;然后着重介绍了西方在不同类型社区感、社区感影响因素及测量工具方面取得的新成果;最后展望了该领域在研究方法、研究内容和社区感能力培养方面的发展趋势 相似文献
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718.
项目曝光控制和内容约束关系到测验安全、测验的信度和效度, 是计算机化自适应测验(Computerized Adaptive Testing, CAT)中两类重要的非统计约束条件。本文在认知诊断CAT中针对内容约束和项目曝光控制要求, 运用5种方法选择测验项目。它们分别是:(1) Monte Carlo方法与项目合格方法相结合, 记为MC-IE; (2) Monte Carlo方法与最大优先指标方法相结合, 记为MC-MPI; (3) Monte Carlo方法与限制阈值方法相结合, 记为MC-RT; (4) Monte Carlo方法与限制进度指标方法相结合, 记为MC-RPG以及(5) Monte Carlo方法与最大后验概率方法相结合, 记为MC-PP。然后通过在线性、收敛、发散、无结构和独立五种属性结构下构建题库并运用重参化融融统和模型模拟被试反应比较它们的选题表现。研究发现, (1) 相同选题方法在不同属性结构下项目曝光率的分布类似, 测量精度按线性、收敛、发散、无结构和独立结构的顺序依次降低; (2) 相同属性结构下, 不同方法的测量精度高低依次为MC-PP、MC-IE、MC-RT、MC-MPI和MC-RPG方法; 项目曝光均匀性优劣依次为MC-RPG、MC-MPI、MC-RT、MC-IE和MC-PP方法。统一量纲值表明, MC-RPG方法的综合表现最好, MC-MPI方法的表现次之。 相似文献
719.
720.
与传统的纸笔测验(Paper And Pencil Based Test, P&P)相比计算机化自适应测验(Computerized Adaptive Testing, CAT)根据被试的作答反应自适应地选择题目, 它不仅缩短了测验长度, 还极大地提高了测验的准确性。然而, 目前绝大多数CAT不允许被试修改答案, 研究者主要担心修改答案会降低CAT的有效性。允许修改答案符合被试一贯的测验习惯, 修改之后的分数更能反映被试真实的水平, 从而能够进一步促进CAT在实际中的应用。现有的研究主要从三个方面提出了可修改答案CAT的控制方法:一是测验设计; 二是改进选题策略; 三是建构模型。未来的研究应进一步探讨这些方法之间的比较与结合, 以及对可修改答案认知诊断CAT (Cognitive Diagnostic CAT, CD-CAT)的研究。 相似文献