Reviews

Books reviewed:
Robert A. Segal, Theorizing About Myth
Christopher Southgate, Celia Deane-Drummond, Paul D. Murray, Michael Robert Negus, Lawrence Osborn, Michael Poole, Jacqui Stewart, and Fraser Watts, (eds.) God, Humanity and the Cosmos: A Textbook in Science and Religion
Bryan S. Rennie, Reconstructing Eliade: Making Sense of Religion     

样例的子目标编码对新问题解决中原理通达的作用

通过 3个实验 ,分别研究了样例的不同编码对消除由于表面概貌和表面对应变化对原理通达带来的消极影响的作用以及样例学习中原例概化的形成阶段。实验结果表明 :样例解题步骤的子目标编码有助于消除由于表面内容变化对原理通达带来的消极影响 ;子目标学习使学习者在样例学习阶段就形成了关于原理的概化。     

A methodological review of “method skeptic” reports

The literature purporting to demonstrate that clinical neuropsychology is of limited validity in the forensic setting is reviewed critically and alternative interpretations are discussed. The methodological, procedural, conceptual, data analytical and survey/research design limitations are evaluated.Portions of this paper were presented at the 1992 annual meeting of the National Academy of Neuropsychology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.     

家庭研究新观点述评

文章概述了家庭研究观点的变化;概括并评论了家庭研究中三个新观点或新原则：双向互动原则,系统化原则和中介原则;提出了进一步开展家庭研究的一些设想。     

Definability of directly indecomposable congruence modular algebras

It is proved that the directly indecomposable algebras in a congruence modular equational class form a first-order class provided that fulfils some two natural assumptions.Research supported by CONICOR and SECYT (UNC).Presented by W. Dziobiak     

Whorf and Wittgenstein. Language, world view and argumentation

Whorf and Wittgenstein are perhaps the most famous names in linguistics and philosophy associated with the assumption that language plays a decisive role in shaping our view of reality. After a critical discussion of Whorf's linguistic relativity principle I conclude that it is not language as a system, but the use of language according to the rules of language games which connects language thought and world view, especially if some particular usage becomes the commonly accepted norm. This traditional norm also enters argumentative discourse in the form of background assumptions occuring in the premises of arguments. Thus, traditional points of view and prevailing ideologies in a society, even if challenged in discussions, can become reinforced and stabilized. This is illustrated with a critical analysis of the role and function of tautological utterances in argumentative discourse, which only apparently are compelling means of argumentation.     

儿童在指物交流中对量的交流准则的掌握

采用指物交流实验方法,同时从听和说两方面考察了儿童在指物交流中对量的准则的掌握情况。被试是幼儿园大班至小学三年级共４个年级组的８０名儿童。结果显示：听、说两种能力的发展不同步,说滞后于听．在听的方面,小学一年级组已能基本按量的准则完成任务,而在说的方面,直到三年级才能较好完成任务．在说的操作中普遍出现信息缺漏和信息冗余两类错误,各组内两类错误在总错误数中的比率随年级上升而变化。低年级组信息缺漏高于信息冗余,三年级组则信息冗余高于信息缺漏。     

Aesthetic interaction as fit between interaction attributes and experiential qualities

Designing an aesthetic interaction is an important issue for Interaction Design (ID) and Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). While a number of frameworks exist, the experimental study of potential underlying principles remains rare. In this paper, we suggest that particular interaction attributes (e.g., “fast”) are systematically related to particular experiential qualities (e.g., “feeling competent”) and that interaction “feels better” if interaction matches the intended experience. A laboratory study (N = 32) explores this notion by testing two different ways of interacting within the same activity (opening a wine bottle) in two different experiential scenarios (focusing on relatedness, focusing on competence). Two corkscrews with different interaction profiles were used: one assumed to support a feeling of competence and the other to support relatedness. As expected, we found systematic shifts in preferences for specific corkscrews, differences in affective experience and in the relationships between interaction attributes and experiential qualities depending on the fit of interaction to the experience.