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排序方式: 共有438条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
该研究以247名大学生为被试,采用2(反馈类型:成功、失败)×2(任务重要性:重要任务、不重要任务)×2(外向性:内向、外向)组间设计探讨成败反馈对大学生核心自我评价的影响,以及任务重要性和外向性在其中的调节作用。结果表明:(1)反馈类型、任务重要性和外向性对核心自我评价变化的主效应及三者的交互作用效应均显著。(2)成败反馈与任务重要性对核心自我评价变化存在显著的交互作用;简单效应分析表明,在失败反馈条件下,执行重要任务被试核心自我评价的下降幅度显著大于执行不重要任务被试核心自我评价的下降幅度。(3)成败反馈与外向性对核心自我评价变化存在显著的交互作用;简单效应分析显示,在失败反馈条件下,外向被试核心自我评价的下降幅度显著小于内向被试。(4)在失败反馈条件下,任务重要性和外向性对核心自我评价的变化存在交互作用。 相似文献
62.
Thor Grünbaum 《Philosophia》2008,36(1):67-86
New Volitionalism is a name for certain widespread conception of the nature of intentional action. Some of the standard arguments
for New Volitionalism, the so-called arguments from total failure, have even acquired the status of basic assumptions for
many other kinds of philosophers. It is therefore of singular interest to investigate some of the most important arguments
from total failure. This is what I propose to do in this paper. My aim is not be to demonstrate that these arguments are inconsistent
or that total failure and naked tryings are metaphysically impossible. Rather, my aim is be to build a case against the possibility
of naked, independently existing tryings, by questioning how well we understand the scenarios invoked in their favour. Thus,
rather than attempting to present a definitive metaphysical refutation of New Volitionalism, I attempt to diminish or demolish
its underlying motivation.
相似文献
Thor GrünbaumEmail: |
63.
We argue and demonstrate that setting high standards, an essential aspect of perfectionism, is not associated with maladaptive responses in and of itself. Rather, our findings suggest that people's responses to their perceptions that they consistently fail to meet their own standards are maladaptive. More importantly, in the present survey study (n = 293), we extend previous research by showing that low personal standards and the perception that others are imposing high standards on the self operate in concert to strengthen the link between perceived discrepancy and psychological distress. Furthermore, in support of our moderation‐mediation model, regression analyses provided evidence for the mediating role of generalised self‐efficacy beliefs. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
64.
Zuzana Skodova Iveta Nagyova Jitse P. van Dijk Adriana Sudzinova Helena Vargova Martin Studencan S. A. Reijneveld 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2008,15(3):204-213
Psychosocial factors have been shown to play an important role in the aetiology of coronary heart disease (CHD). A strong
association between CHD and socioeconomic status (lower-level education, poor financial situation) has also been well established.
Socioeconomic differences may thus also have an effect on psychosocial risk factors associated with CHD, and socioeconomic
disadvantage may negatively affect the later prognosis and quality of life of cardiac patients. The aim of this study was
to review the available evidence on socioeconomic differences in psychosocial factors which specifically contribute to CHD.
A computer-aided search of the Medline and PsycINFO databases resulted in 301 articles in English published between 1994 and
2007. A comprehensive screening process identified 12 empirical studies which described the socioeconomic differences in CHD
risk factors. A review of these studies showed that socioeconomic status (educational grade, occupation or income) was adversely
associated with psychosocial factors linked to CHD. This association was evident in the case of hostility and depression.
Available studies also showed a similar trend with respect to social support, perception of health and lack of optimism. Less
consistent were the results related to anger and perceived stress levels. Socioeconomic disadvantage seems to be an important
element influencing the psychosocial factors related to CHD, thus, a more comprehensive clarification of associations between
these factors might be useful. More studies are needed, focused not only on well-known risk factors such as depression and
hostility, but also on some lesser known psychosocial factors such as Type D and vital exhaustion and their role in CHD. 相似文献
65.
为了探讨主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)治疗心脏手术围术期低心输出量综合征(LCOS)的临床疗效,对16例心脏手术围术期LCOS患者,经过股动脉放置IABP导管于降主动脉内进行左心辅助治疗,IABP治疗前、后监测患者连续有创动脉收缩压(SABP)、有创平均动脉压(MABP)、中心静脉压(CVP)、动脉血氧分压(PaO2)、心率(HR)、尿量和血管活性药物的使用。结果显示,IABP辅助治疗时间25h~116h,平均(78.5±40.5)h。行IABP治疗后,SABP、MABP、PaO2较术前明显提高(P〈0.05),HR、CVP明显下降(P〈0.05),尿量增加,血管活性药物使用量明显减少(P〈0.05),12例患者心功能好转而脱离IABP,11例(69.3%)存活,4例死于心源性休克,1例死于多器官功能不全综合征(MODS)。提示正确及时地使用IABP能明显改善心脏手术围术期LCOS患者的血流动力学指标,减少血管活性药物的使用,建议对有适应证者应尽早应用,适时撤离。 相似文献
66.
目前先天性心脏病介入治疗已成为介入心脏病学的新热点,而先心病介入治疗离不开影像学引导,目前临床上常用的影像学引导方式主要有超声心动图和心血管造影两种,本文针对两者优缺点,从治疗方式、疗效、费用等方面进行比较,为临床治疗思路提供借鉴。 相似文献
67.
Karin E. Larsen Kristin S. Vickers Shirlene Sampson Pamela Netzel Sharonne N. Hayes 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2006,13(1):36-45
Compared with men, women are more likely to experience depression, and depression increases risk of morbidity and mortality in individuals with heart disease. Psychosocial interventions have been developed for depressed patients with heart disease; however, women's experience of chronic disease differs from men's and women may benefit from interventions tailored to address their difficulties. Spirituality and social roles have been related to depressive symptoms in other populations. To identify the relationship between depression and spirituality and social role performance (i.e., role concerns, role rewards and confidence in ability to fulfill roles) in women with heart disease, we assessed depressive symptoms, spirituality, social role functioning and medical history in 125 women with heart disease. After controlling for age and severity of medical conditions, spirituality, role confidence and role concerns were significantly associated with depressive symptoms. Consideration of spirituality and aspects of social role performance may be important when developing psychosocial interventions for depressed women with heart disease. 相似文献
68.
69.
在诺贝尔生理学或医学奖105年的历史中,美国分别占了颁奖年度的52.08%,获奖成果的44.87%,获奖人数的48.91%.形成这些科学家学术优势积累和美国国家科技竞争优势的学术条件背景是:适宜的宏观政策,充足的经费投入,成功的人才政策,根本的教育改革和创新的科技管理. 相似文献
70.
丁彦春 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2007,28(12):22-23,27
心力衰竭是一个以免疫激活和低程度的慢性炎症为特点的疾病。一些炎症因子能通过促进心肌细胞肥厚、恶化心肌收缩功能以及诱导凋亡,在心衰的发展过程中具有重要作用。炎症因子能成为心衰治疗的重要目标。但炎症因子还有心脏代偿和保护作用。制订新的心衰治疗策略时需要进一步了解心衰中炎症反应激活的机制。 相似文献