They May Disapprove,but I Still Love You: Attachment Behaviors Moderate the Effect of Social Disapproval on Marital Relationship Quality

The degree of approval for a relationship from one’s social network has been shown to predict relationship outcomes. Additional research has shown that attachment can buffer the negative effects of various factors (e.g., depression) on relationships. Using an actor–partner interdependence model in an SEM framework, we research the effects of disapproval from parents and friends for one’s relationship on marital relationship quality for self and partner in a sample of 858 married couples. We also examine whether each spouse’s attachment behaviors can moderate these effects. Results indicated that one’s own attachment behaviors moderate the effects of their own parents’ and friends’ disapproval on their self-reported relationship quality for both men and women. Partner’s attachment behaviors moderate own friend’s disapproval on self-reported relationship quality for men and women; additionally, the main effect of partner’s friends’ and parents’ disapproval became nonsignificant with that test. The findings provide evidence that attachment behaviors of both partners play a role in buffering the negative effects of the social network disapproval on relationship outcomes. Clinical implications are discussed.     

Cambios cuantitativos en la evolución estructural de la inteligencia

Resumen

Durante el período de estabilidad factorial de EGB (cuarto, sexto y octavo), se analizaron los cambios cuantitativos en los tres factores encontrados: Visualización Estática, Visualización Dinámica y Razonamiento Abstracto (Prieto y Vega, 1979). Las puntuaciones Factoriales de los diferentes grupos con una estructura Factorial idéntica se trataron por medio de un Análisis de varianza. Se encontraron tendencias lineales y cuadráticas significativas. Se analiza la relación entre cambio cuantitativo y cambio cualitativo desde diferentes contextos teóricos.     

Can We Uncouple Neighborhood Disadvantage and Delinquent Behaviors? An Experimental Test of Family Resilience Guided by the Social Disorganization Theory of Delinquent Behaviors

Although the influence of neighborhood disadvantage on youth development of delinquent behavior is well established, findings from this research have yet to inform the development of family-centered prevention programming to protect youth from these erosive effects. The current paper examines the role of family integration in buffering the impact of social disadvantage in a sample of N = 298 families randomly assigned either to a control condition or to a family-based prevention program previously shown to enhance marriage and parenting. We first confirmed that neighborhood concentrated disadvantage predicted change in delinquent behaviors across the course of the study. Additionally, replicating prior work, parents participating in the Protecting Strong African American Families (ProSAAF) program, relative to those randomly assigned to the control group, significantly improved their use of effective communication strategies with each other and reduced ineffective conflict in front of youth. This resulted in a significant indirect effect of ProSAAF on change in youth delinquent behaviors. Furthermore, using mediated moderation analysis, the study tested the buffering effect of greater family integration, showing that experimentally produced change in interparental communication skills and the resulting reduction in youth exposure to parental conflict buffered the effect of neighborhood disadvantage on change in youth delinquent behaviors, supporting a mediated moderation model in which family environments buffer neighborhood effects.     

The effect of prenatal adversity on externalizing behaviors at 24 months of age in a high-risk sample: Maternal sensitivity as a moderator

The purpose of this study was to examine the moderating role of maternal sensitivity on the association between prenatal adversity and externalizing behaviors at 24 months of age in a diverse, high-risk sample. We hypothesized that among children with higher prenatal adversity, high maternal sensitivity would serve as a protective factor. Participants were 247 primarily low-income, diverse dyads. Results indicated a significant interaction effect of maternal sensitivity and prenatal adversity on externalizing problems. The association between prenatal adversity and externalizing behaviors was significant only among children who experienced low prenatal adversity, with higher maternal sensitivity associated with lower externalizing behaviors. These findings indicate that, in the absence of high prenatal risk, responsive and sensitive parenting can buffer children in an otherwise high-risk sample from the development of externalizing behaviors.     

El paradigma autista. Una hipótesis de trabajo y una aproximación terapéutica

RESUMEN

En el presente artículo tiene por objetivo presentar una hipótesis que vincula las conductas autistas con alteraciones de tipo fóbico y paranoide, además de presentar una aproximación terapéutica a esta hipótesis. Se define el paradigma de funcionamiento autista como fóbico-paranoide, que a través de sus consecuencias generales genera el tipo de comportamiento propio del niño con este cuadro. Teóricamente se ve una continuidad entre los aspectos paranoides y los fóbicos más primitivos, inmaduros y/o patológicos, siendo los primeros más evolucionados que los segundos. En el paradigma paranoide se pierde o no se alcanza el sentido de la realidad, la separación real del sujeto y los objetivos percibidos, en el fóbico se mantienen más allá de la respuesta de ansiedad que genera.