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861.
Horne M 《The Journal of analytical psychology》2007,52(2):127-142
Humans are from birth embedded in a historical and contemporary context of meanings. This always constrains their theoretical and practical activities. In this paper, I will be suggesting that there are no guiding 'truths' outside such contexts. In order to understand the foundations of any concept or new idea, it is important to comprehend the context in which it is embedded. Candidates and some of their teachers have very little knowledge of the intellectual context in which Jung or any other analytic theorist wrote. As a result, the analytic 'founders' are often believed to have discovered 'truths' transcending the context of history and of everyday life. They were, however, as much creative synthesizers as pure originators. I propose that the components of all analytic theories emerge from their embeddedness. I contend, therefore, that the understandings of these components such as psychic causality, epistemology and identity formation were quite differently conceived at the time the analytic founders were working than they are today. I will give examples to show how the acceptance of this attitude is useful in inculcating a discerning approach in candidates towards traditionally accepted analytic theories and practices. This can provide them with a method to promote their individual creative development. 相似文献
862.
Polman H Orobio de Castro B Koops W van Boxtel HW Merk WW 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2007,35(4):522-535
The present meta-analytic review aimed to clarify divergent findings concerning the relation between reactive and proactive aggression in children and adolescents. Fifty-one studies with 17,965 participants were included in the analysis. A significant correlation between reactive and proactive aggression was found. The strength of this relation varied considerably between studies, from -.10 to .89. Observational assessment and tilt/noise tasks were associated with smaller correlations than questionnaires. Within the large group of questionnaire studies, studies disentangling the form and function of aggression found lower correlations than studies that did not disentangle form and function. Among questionnaire studies, higher reliability was associated with larger correlations. Effect size did not depend on other study characteristics such as sample type, age, and informant type. It is concluded that reactive and proactive aggression are most clearly distinguished with behavioral observations and questionnaires that unravel form and functions of aggression. 相似文献
863.
古琴打谱是一项专业性很强又费时费力的工作,如何利用先进的人工智能技术来对古琴谱中的谱字进行自动识别解读,哪怕是辅助性的,对于古琴打谱事业的发展无疑会起到重要的促进作用,从可以间接地为保护与弘扬古琴文化作贡献。本文通过研究古琴减字谱这种特殊文本的特点,提出了不同于普通OCR光学识别软件的文本切分方法,内容涉及纸质古琴谱原始扫描图的图像预处理,古琴混合谱中简字谱的行切分与提取,单行简字谱中的谱字切分与提取等算法及其实现。这样就为实现古琴谱进一步的释读提供一种前期处理方法。由于古琴谱字的特殊性,以及所提出方法的通用性,该方法对于丰富汉字文本的切分方法也有着一定的学术意义。 相似文献
864.
The basal ganglia and cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical connections are known to play a critical role in sequence skill learning and increasing automaticity over practice. The current paper reviews four studies comparing the sequence skill learning and the transition to automaticity of persons who stutter (PWS) and fluent speakers (PNS) over practice. Studies One and Two found PWS to have poor finger tap sequencing skill and nonsense syllable sequencing skill after practice, and on retention and transfer tests relative to PNS. Studies Three and Four found PWS to be significantly less accurate and/or significantly slower after practice on dual tasks requiring concurrent sequencing and colour recognition over practice relative to PNS. Evidence of PWS’ deficits in sequence skill learning and automaticity development support the hypothesis that dysfunction in cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical connections may be one etiological component in the development and maintenance of stuttering.
Educational objectives: As a result of this activity, the reader will: (1) be able to articulate the research regarding the basal ganglia system relating to sequence skill learning; (2) be able to summarize the research on stuttering with indications of sequence skill learning deficits; and (3) be able to discuss basal ganglia mechanisms with relevance for theory of stuttering. 相似文献
865.
Feng Ye 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2007,2(4):614-628
The indispensability argument for abstract mathematical entities has been an important issue in the philosophy of mathematics.
The argument relies on several assumptions. Some objections have been made against these assumptions, but there are several
serious defects in these objections. Ameliorating these defects leads to a new anti-realistic philosophy of mathematics, mainly:
first, in mathematical applications, what really exist and can be used as tools are not abstract mathematical entities, but
our inner representations that we create in imagining abstract mathematical entities; second, the thoughts that we create
in imagining infinite mathematical entities are bounded by external conditions.
__________
Translated from Zhexue Yanjiu 哲学研究 (Philosophical Researches), 2006, (8): 74–83 相似文献
866.
Xuezhi Zhang 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2007,2(3):379-401
Ancient Chinese philosophers were inclined to preserve the doctrine of a unified body and mind rather than to engage in a
discussion on the separation of the two. In addition, most traditional Chinese philosophers stressing in particular the function
of mind. Based on the tradition of believing in the concept of qi, they traced the cause of their spiritual activities to the natural effect of the qi. The modalities display a phenomenological characteristic that looks at mental activities lightly, and examines language
and action as a natural revelation of material force, qi.
__________
Translated from Beijing Daxue Xuebao 北京大学学报 (Journal of Peking University), 2005, (5): 5–14 相似文献
867.
Ann Streissguth 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2007,14(2):81-101
Before alcohol was generally known to cause birth defects, NIAAA in 1974 began funding a population-based Seattle study on
alcohol use and pregnancy outcome. Women receiving prenatal care by mid-pregnancy were recruited (N = 1,529) and interviewed at home. Approximately 500 offspring exposed to a range of alcohol levels were examined on 11 occasions
between day 1 and 25 years. Neuropsychological and neurobehavioral performance measures are correlated with prenatal alcohol
dose, without substantial confounding by socio-demographic or rearing conditions, smoking, nutrition, or other drugs. Deficits
in attention, arithmetic skill, spatial-visual memory, and IQ, as well as increased alcohol problems and psychiatric disorders
are among offspring outcomes correlated at several ages with maternal drinking during and before pregnancy recognition. Findings
are not confined to women who believed they had alcohol problems. Not all exposed offspring appear affected. 相似文献
868.
Roald Hoffmann 《Synthese》2007,155(3):321-336
Had more philosophers of science come from chemistry, their thinking would have been different. I begin by looking at a typical chemical paper, in which making something is the leitmotif, and conjecture/refutation is pretty much irrelevant. What in fact might have been, might be, different? The realism of chemists is reinforced by their remarkable ability to transform matter; they buy into reductionism where it serves them, but make no real use of it. Incommensurability is taken without a blink, and actually serves. The preeminence of synthesis in chemistry could have led philosophers of science to take more seriously questions of aesthetics within science, and to find a place in aesthetics for utility. The necessary motion twixt macroscopic and microscopic views of matter in modern chemistry leads to the coexistence of symbolic and iconic representations. And in another way to the deliberate, creative violation of categories. 相似文献
869.
Proficiency in a second language (L2) may depend upon the age of exposure and the continued use of the mother tongue (L1)
during L2 acquisition. The effect of early L2 exposure on the preattentive perception of native and non-native vowel contrasts
was studied by measuring the mismatch negativity (MMN) response from 14-year-old children. The test group consisted of six
Finnish children who had participated in English immersion education. The control group consisted of eight monolingual Finns.
The subjects were presented with Finnish and English synthetic vowel contrasts. The aim was to see whether early exposure
had resulted in the development of a new language-specific memory trace for the contrast phonemically irrelevant in L1. The
results indicated that only the contrast with the largest acoustic distance elicited an MMN response in the Bilingual group,
while the Monolingual group showed a response also to the native contrast. This may suggest that native-like memory traces
for prototypical vowels were not formed in early language immersion. 相似文献
870.