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981.
Kaplow JB Curran PJ Dodge KA;Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2002,30(3):199-216
The purpose of this study was to identify kindergarten-age predictors of early-onset substance use from demographic, environmental, parenting, child psychological, behavioral, and social functioning domains. Data from a longitudinal study of 295 children were gathered using multiple-assessment methods and multiple informants in kindergarten and 1st grade. Annual assessments at ages 10, 11, and 12 reflected that 21% of children reported having initiated substance use by age 12. Results from longitudinal logistic regression models indicated that risk factors at kindergarten include being male, having a parent who abused substances, lower levels of parental verbal reasoning, higher levels of overactivity, more thought problems, and more social problem solving skills deficits. Children with no risk factors had less than a 10% chance of initiating substance use by age 12, whereas children with 2 or more risk factors had greater than a 50% chance of initiating substance use. Implications for typology, etiology, and prevention are discussed. 相似文献
982.
不同阶层心理健康观念及需求状况的调查研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
运用开放式和封闭式问卷调查法 ,对不同阶层共 483人的心理健康观念及心理健康需求状况进行了调查研究。结果表明 :( 1 )不同阶层、不同年龄段的人关于心理健康标准的观念具有显著差异。 ( 2 )人们认为 ,心理健康的人应具有的最典型特征是“处世乐观、热情、诚恳”和“心平气和、与世无争、乐于助人”。 ( 3 )心理不健康的人或心理变态的人所表现的最典型特征是“性格孤僻、与人不合群”和“对生活失去信心、悲观”。 ( 4)虽然不少人认为心理健康与咨询工作者当前最急需开展的工作是“宣传心理健康知识、开展心理卫生服务” ,但只有极少的人能够正视自己的心理健康需求 ,提出自己需要心理健康服务或咨询。 相似文献
983.
Bale HE 《Science and engineering ethics》2005,11(1):31-40
Remaining important tasks in finding and developing new drugs and vaccines for HIV/AIDS, malaria, cancer and other diseases
require continued industry research and development. Industry’s research and development pipeline has produced drugs that
have saved AIDS victims previously facing certain death, but still no cure nor vaccine is yet available. Experience with the
process of research and development indicates that it requires more than a decade of development to produce a new drug with
costs in the hundreds of millions of dollars. Intellectual property protection is critically important in assuring that drug
development continues. Partnerships between industry and the public sector have increased access to new therapies in developing
countries and promise to enhance access to both patented and generic medicines in the future.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at an international conference, “The Ethics of Intellectual Property Rights
and Patents,” held in Warsaw, Poland on 23–24 April, 2004.
This paper was prepared with the assistance of Maciej Gajewski, Policy Research Analyst, International Federation of Pharmaceutical
Manufacturers Association (IFPMA). 相似文献
984.
985.
The author tests the kinship of the concepts faithful aging, the centerpiece of her book, The Art of Growing Old: A Guide to Faithful Aging (1998), and development of character, central to James Hillman's book, The Force of Character and the Lasting Life (1999). Faithful aging is assessed in characters from two plays: Graham Greene's The Potting Shed and Robert Anderson's I Never Sang for My Father. Finally, Saussy reflects on the development of character as a theological issue. 相似文献
986.
This paper poses a feminist challenge to stage models of spiritual development and suggests alternative metaphors to the common image of a heroic journey. Women's spirituality is typically more intuitive and relational than rational and individualistic and to express this, we employ metaphors of the web and the quilt. Support for the relevance of these metaphors comes from the spiritual autobiography of Jane Goodall, an anthology of African American women's writings about spirituality, and two qualitative research investigations of older women's spirituality. We conclude with an autobiographical account of our own spiritual development and engage in a dialogue-on-the-page in which we respond to each other's narratives. 相似文献
987.
Turner E 《Science and engineering ethics》2001,7(2):247-260
This paper investigates the relationship between the role that information technology (IT) has played in the development of
women’s employment, the possibility of women having a significant influence on the technology’s development, and the way that
the IT industry perceives women as computer scientists, users and consumers. The industry’s perception of women and men is
investigated through the portrayal of them in computing advertisements. While women are increasingly updating their technological
skills and know-how, and through this process are entering some positions in the workplace traditionally occupied by men,
these achievements are not mirrored in their social and occupational status. The computer industry and higher education have
worryingly low numbers of women, while the possibility of women influencing the development of computer technology is just
emerging in feminist research. This paper argues that, though the IT industry, through their self-regulatory codes, subscribes
to equal treatment of sexes, races and persons with disabilities, the industry nevertheless paints a stereotyped picture of
inequality when portraying men and women in computer advertisements. As long as such a perception of women prevails within
the industry, it will stand as a barrier to women having equal access to computer technology. If advertisements influence
the way society perceives major social constructs and issues, then the computing industry has a social responsibility to portray
men and women in an equal and non-stereotypical fashion.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at the ETHICOMP98 Conference, Rotterdam, Holland, March 1998. 相似文献
988.
本研究采用开放式问卷法,通过调查810名6-14岁儿童头脑中想象物的文字与图画描述,考察了儿童想象发展的特点。结果发现:(1)儿童对想象物的文字与图画描述可以分划分为3种水平:表象的记忆水平、表象的再造水平和表象创造水平。其中,对想象物的文字描述水平,年龄发展趋势明显,从小学一至二年级之间和四到五年级之间的发展变化最大;而对想象物的图画描述水平,年龄发展趋势不明显。(2)根据儿童对想象物的文字描述和图画描述的发展的匹配程度,可以把儿童的想象发展分为3种类型:文字与图形符号均衡发展型、文字符号型和图形符号型。 相似文献
989.
Andrew Hurrell 《Metaphilosophy》2001,32(1&2):34-57
This article considers the links between international institutions and global economic justice: how international institutions might be morally important; how they have changed; and at what those changes imply for justice. The institutional structure of international society has evolved in ways that help to undercut the arguments of those who take a restrictionist position towards global economic justice. There is now a denser and more integrated network of shared institutions and practices within which social expectations of global justice and injustice have become more securely established. But, at the same time, our major international social institutions continue to constitute a deformed political order. This combination of density and deformity shapes how we should think about international justice in general and has important implications for the scope, character, and modalities of global economic justice. Having laid out a view of normative development and where it leads, the article then examines why international distributive justice remains so marginal to current practice. 相似文献
990.