团队人格组成、团队过程对团队有效性的作用

由于团队对组织的重要性,团队有效性的研究倍受关注。通过对342个大学生短期团队完成决策任务的研究,旨在探讨团队人格组成与团队中间过程对团队有效性的作用机制。研究以自陈式问卷调查收集数据,采用层次回归与结构方程模型进行统计分析。研究结果表明：团队过程变量（协作、信念、凝聚力）在团队人格组成（外向性、宜人性、神经质）与团队有效性之间起中介作用,横断研究的I-P-O整体模型得到验证     

Predicting preschool motor and cognitive performance in appropriate-for-gestational-age children born at ≤ 32 weeks gestation

Although many follow-up studies have been performed on preterm infants, little attention has been devoted to prediction of motor skills in the preschool or school years. We studied the relationship of performance on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development at a mean corrected age of 21 months to performance on the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities at a mean corrected age of 44.7 months for 43 appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) children born at ≤ 32 weeks gestation. Motor scores were stable over time with a significant correlation between the Bayley Psychomotor Developmental Index (PDI) and the McCarthy Motor subscale (r = 0.60; p = 0.0001). Scores of cognitive abilities also showed a significant correlation between the Bayley Mental Developmental Index (MDI) and the McCarthy General Cognitive Index (r = 0.42; p = 0.009). Small-for-gestational-age (SGA), very low-birthweight (≤ 1500 grams) children scored lower on the McCarthy General Cognitive Index (p = 0.01) and on the Motor subscale (p = 0.047) than the AGA children. We concluded that motor performance of AGA children born at ≤ 32 weeks gestation is stable from toddlerhood to preschool age. We suggest that SGA children be excluded from studies of motor performance of prematurely born children.     

概化理论在作文评分中的应用研究

概化理论是现代心理测量理论之一,该文简要地介绍了该理论的基本思想并用此理论对作文评分的误差控制问题进行了应用性探讨。研究中请６位评分员对２０名学生每人三种文体的作文用分项评分法进行评定。然后用ＧＥＮＯＶＡ软件的估计了作文评分中的评分员效应和题目效应,并对各种误差构成进行了分析比较。结果表明：在作文评分中,评分员勺最大,题目效应不明显。同时还发现,不同文体对评分误差有重要影响。论文文的评分误差最大,     

8─11个月婴儿迂回行为发展特点与学习能力的研究

采用程序标准化的婴儿迂回行为测验,探讨了２４４名８─１１个月婴儿的迂回行为发展特点及学习能力。结果表明：（１）８─１１个月婴儿的迂回行为水平表现出随婴儿月龄的增长而提高的趋势。（２）８─１１个月的婴儿具有从反复尝试中学会迂回行为的可能性,其中９、１０个月婴儿的学习可能性较大,而８个月婴儿的学习可能性较小。（３）８──１１个月婴儿的学习速度随月龄增大而提高     

中国儿童认知能力的性别差异发展倾向：韦氏儿童智力量表结果分析

分析韦氏儿童智力量表的全国常模以探讨中国儿童认知能力的性别差异。研究中使用多元变量（ｍｕｌｔｉｖａｒｉａｔｅ）分析和单元变量（ｕｎｉｖａｒｉａｔｅ）分析两种手段。在多元交量分析中,首先使用线性结构关系（ＬＩＳＲＥＬ）多样本分析检验各年龄组中男女协方差矩阵、平均数向量和因子平均数的一致性;随后用区分分析确定造成差异的变项。与西方研究相比,中国儿童具有类似的性别差异类型与发展倾向,区别在于中国儿童的数学能力不存在明显的性别差异,这可能与中国的男女接受同等教育有关。     

Behavioral self-management in story writing with elementary school children

The effect of self-management procedures on objective writing responses and on the subjectively assessed quality of children's writing was investigated. All experimental procedures were applied to each of the 37 children in a regular Grade 3 class, and 14 of these children were randomly selected for data collection. Following baseline conditions, self-assessment plus self-recording of writing responses was introduced. This did not increase the number of sentences, number of different action words, or number of different describing words, or improve the quality of the stories. Self-determined and self-administered reinforcement was added to the self-assessment and self-recording procedures contingent on each of the writing responses in turn. Rates of responding were substantially increased and the stories received higher subjective ratings of quality from two independent judges. An increase in on-task behavior was correlated with self-reinforcement of writing responses.     

应用题结构分析训练对提高小学生解题能力的实验研究

实验以小学四年级学生为被试,采用完全随机化等组设计。实验组采用应用题结构分析训练教学模式,控制组在同等时间内,采用常规教学模式作相同的习题练习。实验结果表明：（１）应用题结构分析训练可显著提高小学生解应用题的能力,中等生受益最大;（２）该模式训练效果与学生的智力水平呈中等程度正相关;（３）学生对该训练模式持肯定态度,反应积极。     

应用题结构分析训练对提高小学生解题能力的实验研究

实验以小学四年级学生为被试,采用完全随机化等设计。实验组采用应用题结构分析训练教学模式,控制组在同等时间内,采用常规教学模式作相同的习题练习。     

认知的自我指导技术对教师教学监控能力的影响

本研究采用认知的自我指导技术,对９名小学教师的教学监控能力进行训练。结果发现：训练不仅提高了教师教学监控能力,而且提高了教师对教学的认知水平,改善了教师的教学行为。