关于医学人文关怀的几点思考

医学兼有自然科学和人文社会科学双重属性.其核心理念即人文精神决定了医疗服务必须体现人文关怀,这是高质量医疗服务和医学模式转换的必然要求,并且有助于减少医疗纠纷,提升医院的竞争力.     

Opposing effects of income inequality on health: The role of perceived competitiveness and avoidance/approach motivation

Income inequality is commonly posited to elevate concerns about social status that undermine psychological health, but the empirical evidence is inconsistent. Here we propose that these inconsistencies conceal opposing processes: Income inequality prompts perceived competitiveness, which can both negatively predict psychological health via avoidance motivation and positively predict psychological health via approach motivation. First, we conducted a two-year longitudinal study (1,700+ participants from 500+ county identifiers) and provided support for our opposing processes model. Second, we conducted three pre-preregistered studies using an experimental-causal-chain design. We sequentially showed that induced income inequality increased perceived competitiveness (Study 2a; 444 participants), induced perceived competitiveness increased avoidance and approach motivation (Study 2b; 1,018 participants), and induced avoidance/approach motivation decreased/increased psychological health (Study 2c; 562 participants). These findings suggest that scholars should shift from studying the main effects of income inequality on psychological health to studying the psychological processes involved in the inequality-health relation.     

外显竞争态度对内隐竞争与合作的影响

通过《竞争态度量表（中国版）》进行测验,选取良性竞争态度和过度竞争态度大学生各60名作为被试。采用偏好判断与再认测验相结合的实验范式,操纵三种不同的加工类型,考察两组被试对竞争动词、合作动词两类刺激的内隐与外显记忆贡献。结果显示：1）过度竞争态度者和良性竞争态度者都具有很强的内隐竞争性;2）过度竞争态度者比良性竞争态度者具有更强的内隐竞争性;3）良性竞争态度者比过度竞争态度者具有更强的内隐合作性。