Bilateral Transfer in Tapping Skill in the Absence of Peripheral Information

Bilateral transfer in a fast tapping task was investigated under normal (+FB) and reduced (-FB) feedback conditions, in the -FB experiment 36 Ss were assigned to 3 groups: preferred (PH) to non-preferred (NPH) shift; NPH to PH; and alternating trials of PH and NPH. With + FB 2 further groups of 12 Ss transferred PH to NPH or NPH to PH. 8 preshift and 8 postshift trials were given. The alternating group had 8 PH and 8 NPH trials. In preshift performance increment was found in ail groups except in +FB with NPH. With +FB some facilitation in transfer was obtained for the NPH; under -FB marked positive transfer was found for the PH. Alternating PH and NPH performance conformed to preshift levels. Results were discussed in terms of differential central control processes for the two hands.     

The Assessment of Post‐traumatic Stress Disorder for Workers' Compensation in Emergency Service Personnel

There is considerable debate concerning the diagnosis of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in compensation claims. This study reviewed the quality of the assessment reports prepared by clinicians who evaluated 31 emergency service workers making PTSD‐related compensation claims. Assessments were conducted by 4‐year trained psychologists (39%), psychologists holding a masters degree (36%), and psychiatrists (19%). The assessment reports were evaluated relative to the diagnostic criteria for PTSD in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th edition (2000). In the majority of cases (81%), the assessor determined that the emergency service worker had PTSD, but only one report met the minimum standard for that diagnosis. In the majority (65%) of cases the clinician failed to address the possibility of malingering. These data suggest that clinical assessment reports for PTSD frequently fail to meet minimum assessment standards.     

A Draft Model Aggregated Code of Ethics for Bioethicists

Bioethicists function in an environment in which their peers—healthcare executives, lawyers, nurses, physicians—assert the integrity of their fields through codes of professional ethics. Is it time for bioethics to assert its integrity by developing a code of ethics? Answering in the affirmative, this paper lays out a case by reviewing the historical nature and function of professional codes of ethics. Arguing that professional codes are aggregative enterprises growing in response to a field's historical experiences, it asserts that bioethics now needs to assert its integrity and independence and has already developed a body of formal statements that could be aggregated to create a comprehensive code of ethics for bioethics. A Draft Model Aggregated Code of Ethics for Bioethicists is offered in the hope that analysis and criticism of this draft code will promote further discussion of the nature and content of a code of ethics for bioethicists.     

《管子》公平观对员工激励的启示

《管子》从执政的角度定义了如何建设正确的公平观,本文从《管子》关于“公平是什么”这一核心问题的回答出发,以现代组织管理者的角度去探讨如何实现对员工恰当的激励。这就是要从组织整体的角度去营造恰当的公平观,并且围绕社会公平、个人公平、经济公平等几个方面在组织内部建立公平合理的组织气氛,并最终有效的激励员工。     

意义维持模型:理论发展与研究挑战

意义维持模型是近年来兴起的社会心理学理论。它主张将意义维持作为个体最基本的社会动机,认为个体在遭受意义违反后,会激起厌恶性情绪,而缓解厌恶情绪成为意义维持的动力,促使个体采取补偿行为修补意义系统。该理论对认知失调等理论进行了一定程度的整合,并且具有强大而广泛的解释力。研究者对其意义违反、厌恶激起和行为补偿三个基本过程的理论阐述日臻完善,同时其主要观点也得到较多实证研究的支持。在意义维持模型的研究中,也存在意义等概念边界模糊、厌恶激起的中介作用论证不充分、启动和补偿的竞争解释等问题。今后的研究一方面需要进一步检验意义维持的基本过程,另一方面也可以讨论行为补偿的运作、主动的意义维持等问题。