非故意损害下的过度补偿效应

个体的补偿和报复行为是人际损害领域的研究重点。本研究通过将损害者和受害者置于同一情境,揭示了非故意损害中的过度补偿效应。实验包括虚拟和真实两种非故意损害情境,损害方式包括经济损失和肉体伤害。组间变量是损害者、受害者和中立者三种角色,因变量是被试在分配任务中留给搭档或自己的分数或金钱。结果表明,在阅读或经历了相同的非故意损害事件后,损害者补偿给受害者的分数和金钱会显著高于受害者留给自己的数量,即过度补偿效应。     

Pedestrian detection using a moving camera: A novel framework for foreground detection

While background subtraction techniques have been widely applied to detect moving objects in a video stream captured by a static camera, detecting moving objects using a moving camera still represents a challenging task. In this context, pedestrian detection using a camera placed on the top of a vehicle’s windshield has been rarely investigated. This is mainly due to the background ego-motion. Since the scene captured by the camera seems in motion, it is very difficult to distinguish the moving pedestrians from the others that belong to the static part of the scene. For this reason, a compensation step is needed to suppress the ego-motion. This paper presents a study on the main challenges facing pedestrian detection systems as well as methods proposed to handle these challenges. A novel trajectory classification framework for detecting pedestrians even in challenging real-world environments is proposed. The proposed method models the background motion between two consecutive frames in order to compensate the camera motion. Then, it defines a classification process that differentiates between the background and the foreground in the frame. Using the defined foreground, we consequently identify the presence of pedestrians in the scene. The proposed method was validated on a public benchmark dataset: CVC-14 containing both visible and far infrared video sequences in day and night times. Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach in capturing the dynamic aspect between frames and therefore detecting the presence of pedestrians in the scene.     

More than “just a driver”: A study of professional women racecar drivers' agency in motorsport

ObjectivesMotorsport is among the largest sports nationally and globally (Ross, Ridinger, & Cuneen, 2009), and racecar driving constitutes a leading motorsport (Pflugfelder, 2009). Missing, however, is empirical work that captures professional female racecar drivers' agentic experiences (Pflugfelder, 2009). In that racecar driving is one of few sports in which women compete alongside men, insight into how women drivers navigate this performance arena can offer a unique perspective on contemporary gender dynamics.DesignQualitative study design informed by a cultural praxis agenda consisted of semi-structured interviews with 8 current or former professional female racecar drivers.MethodThis study adopted an abductive (inductive and deductive) approach (Sparks & Smith, 2014). Inductive analysis allowed researchers to capture women's diverse agentic experiences. Deductive analysis using cultural praxis and gender (poststructural) perspectives offered a more nuanced understanding of women's agentic experiences and their potential (dis)empowering effects.ResultsResults highlights four key themes: (1) entry into racecar driving: family and fatherly influence; (2) marginalizing beliefs, behaviors, and industry barriers; (3) navigating the space: negotiating gender and its (dis)empowering effects; and (4) promoting girls and women in autoracing. Results reveal various dimensions of sexism and sportswomen's agentic experiences.ConclusionResearchers can heed women drivers' call for knowledge translation efforts that attend to their unique needs and strengths, and disseminate empirical findings in accessible ways. Future research that takes up a cultural praxis agenda is vital to contest constraining gender binaries and deficit-based discourses about women athletes for the promotion of gender equity in motorsport.     

Bilateral Transfer in Tapping Skill in the Absence of Peripheral Information

Bilateral transfer in a fast tapping task was investigated under normal (+FB) and reduced (-FB) feedback conditions, in the -FB experiment 36 Ss were assigned to 3 groups: preferred (PH) to non-preferred (NPH) shift; NPH to PH; and alternating trials of PH and NPH. With + FB 2 further groups of 12 Ss transferred PH to NPH or NPH to PH. 8 preshift and 8 postshift trials were given. The alternating group had 8 PH and 8 NPH trials. In preshift performance increment was found in ail groups except in +FB with NPH. With +FB some facilitation in transfer was obtained for the NPH; under -FB marked positive transfer was found for the PH. Alternating PH and NPH performance conformed to preshift levels. Results were discussed in terms of differential central control processes for the two hands.     

The Assessment of Post‐traumatic Stress Disorder for Workers' Compensation in Emergency Service Personnel

There is considerable debate concerning the diagnosis of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in compensation claims. This study reviewed the quality of the assessment reports prepared by clinicians who evaluated 31 emergency service workers making PTSD‐related compensation claims. Assessments were conducted by 4‐year trained psychologists (39%), psychologists holding a masters degree (36%), and psychiatrists (19%). The assessment reports were evaluated relative to the diagnostic criteria for PTSD in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th edition (2000). In the majority of cases (81%), the assessor determined that the emergency service worker had PTSD, but only one report met the minimum standard for that diagnosis. In the majority (65%) of cases the clinician failed to address the possibility of malingering. These data suggest that clinical assessment reports for PTSD frequently fail to meet minimum assessment standards.     

《管子》公平观对员工激励的启示

《管子》从执政的角度定义了如何建设正确的公平观,本文从《管子》关于“公平是什么”这一核心问题的回答出发,以现代组织管理者的角度去探讨如何实现对员工恰当的激励。这就是要从组织整体的角度去营造恰当的公平观,并且围绕社会公平、个人公平、经济公平等几个方面在组织内部建立公平合理的组织气氛,并最终有效的激励员工。     

A Draft Model Aggregated Code of Ethics for Bioethicists

Bioethicists function in an environment in which their peers—healthcare executives, lawyers, nurses, physicians—assert the integrity of their fields through codes of professional ethics. Is it time for bioethics to assert its integrity by developing a code of ethics? Answering in the affirmative, this paper lays out a case by reviewing the historical nature and function of professional codes of ethics. Arguing that professional codes are aggregative enterprises growing in response to a field's historical experiences, it asserts that bioethics now needs to assert its integrity and independence and has already developed a body of formal statements that could be aggregated to create a comprehensive code of ethics for bioethics. A Draft Model Aggregated Code of Ethics for Bioethicists is offered in the hope that analysis and criticism of this draft code will promote further discussion of the nature and content of a code of ethics for bioethicists.     

Mutual Funds Efficiency Measurement under Financial and Social Responsibility Criteria

Socially responsible investors pursue financial as well as nonfinancial goals. Whereas the role of financial criteria in investment decisions is well understood, much less is known on the influence of social responsibility considerations. This work seeks to integrate both dimensions within a data envelopment analysis framework consistent with second‐order stochastic dominance efficiency. We compare the performance of conventional versus socially responsible mutual funds on an empirical data set. Our data do not support the conjecture that conventional mutual funds exhibit superior overall performance. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.