A BIOLOGIST'S PERSPECTIVE ON THE FUTURE OF THE SCIENCE‐RELIGION DIALOGUE IN THE TWENTY‐FIRST CENTURY

In recent issues of Zygon, numerous reflections have been published commenting on where the field of science‐and‐religion has been, where it presently stands, and where it should move in the future. These reflections touch on the importance of the dialogue and raise questions as to what audience the dialogue addresses and whom it should address. Some scholars see the dialogue as prospering, while others point out that much work needs to be done to make the dialogue more accessible to a larger audience and more successful at tackling the provocative questions before us. Other academics view the questions themselves as needing further consideration and focus before answers to them can even be explored. In this article I provide a general overview of these essays by outlining some general categories of thought that seem to emerge from the contributors. I then present some of my own opinions concerning the future of the science‐religion field and emphasize that the dialogue, in addition to its traditional roles, must further the philosophical framework that can aid humanity in resolving the most pressing global concerns of our time.     

用比较治疗学的观点谈早期2型糖尿病的胰岛素强化治疗

现在越来越多的证据显示短期胰岛素强化治疗可以使血糖接近正常,并明显改善胰岛β细胞功能,但是也有专家认为这种胰岛素治疗的代价比能带来的好处更多。本文运用比较治疗学的观点就这一问题进行了探讨,并强调了胰岛素强化治疗在早期2型糖尿病治疗中的重要意义。     

临床麻醉中常用中效肌肉松弛剂的比较

为了更准确在临床麻醉过程中使用中效肌肉松弛剂,用比较治疗学的理念及方法对目前国内报道的中效肌肉松弛剂阿曲库铵、顺式阿曲库铵、维库溴铵、罗库溴铵的应用方法进行比较和分析。结果发现：插管起效时间罗库溴铵最短,临床时效顺式阿曲库铵最长,阿曲库铵有组胺释放的作用,阿曲库铵和顺式阿曲库铵药物代谢主要是霍夫曼消除。比较治疗学方法有助于临床麻醉肌松剂的抉择。     

我国古代冲突法思想比较探源

虽然现代意义上的中国冲突法是舶来品,但通过与古希腊、古罗马冲突法思想起源的比较,可以发现中国的冲突法思想和中华文明一样源远流长,最早能够追溯到夏、商、周三代时期,并且经过历代的积淀逐渐成熟和完善。     

Third party assisted conception: an African perspective

The central importance of reproduction in all human cultures has given rise to many methods and techniques of assisting reproduction or overcoming infertility. Such methods and techniques have achieved spectacular successes in the Western world, where processes like in vitro fertilization (IVF) constitute a remarkable breakthrough. In this paper, the author attempts to reflect critically on assisted reproduction technologies (ART) from the background and perspective of African culture, a culture within which human reproduction is given the highest priority but which also exhibits a highly ambivalent attitude to modern technology-assisted methods of reproduction. The author considers the ethical crux of reproductive technologies to be linked to the issue of the moral status of the human embryo and argues that a morally significant line of demarcation cannot be drawn between embryos and other categories of humans.     

Chaos breeds autonomy: connectionist design between bias and baby-sitting

In connectionism and its offshoots, models acquire functionality through externally controlled learning schedules. This undermines the claim of these models to autonomy. Providing these models with intrinsic biases is not a solution, as it makes their function dependent on design assumptions. Between these two alternatives, there is room for approaches based on spontaneous self-organization. Structural reorganization in adaptation to spontaneous activity is a well-known phenomenon in neural development. It is proposed here as a way to prepare connectionist models for learning and enhance the autonomy of these models.     

Learning to attend: a connectionist model of situated language comprehension

Evidence from numerous studies using the visual world paradigm has revealed both that spoken language can rapidly guide attention in a related visual scene and that scene information can immediately influence comprehension processes. These findings motivated the coordinated interplay account ( Knoeferle & Crocker, 2006 ) of situated comprehension, which claims that utterance-mediated attention crucially underlies this closely coordinated interaction of language and scene processing. We present a recurrent sigma-pi neural network that models the rapid use of scene information, exploiting an utterance-mediated attentional mechanism that directly instantiates the CIA. The model is shown to achieve high levels of performance (both with and without scene contexts), while also exhibiting hallmark behaviors of situated comprehension, such as incremental processing, anticipation of appropriate role fillers, as well as the immediate use, and priority, of depicted event information through the coordinated use of utterance-mediated attention to the scene.     

超声引导和神经刺激仪定位在臂丛神经阻滞中的应用比较

臂丛神经阻滞广泛用于上肢手术,其成功的关键在于准确的解剖定位和局麻药的均匀扩散,神经刺激仪和超声技术应用于臂丛神经阻滞,改变传统方法的盲目性,更加安全有效。本文应用比较治疗学的观点,运用Meta分析方法,对两种方法辅助臂丛神经阻滞进行比较,指导科学合理的临床决策,发现超声引导更具优势,值得在临床推广。     

张君劢“德法合一”论述评

张君劢的“德法合一”是儒家之德与西方之法的合一,在德与法的关系上,二者并不是地位相同的,德法合一是在德的基础上德与法的合一,德比法更根本,“德法相辅而行”更深层的意义是“德主法辅而行”。张君劢“德法合一”论始终未离儒家道德本位,决定了这种结合仍是停留在道德文化层面,而没有落实为政治法律事实,若将“德法合一”论还原为“内圣外王”之道,我们仍可看到传统儒学在当代社会面临的困境。