Partial Monotonic Protothetics

This paper has four parts. In the first part, I present Leniewski's protothetics and the complete system provided for that logic by Henkin. The second part presents a generalized notion of partial functions in propositional type theory. In the third part, these partial functions are used to define partial interpretations for protothetics. Finally, I present in the fourth part a complete system for partial protothetics. Completeness is proved by Henkin's method [4] using saturated sets instead of maximally saturated sets. This technique provides a canonical representation of a partial semantic space and it is suggested that this space can be interpreted as an epistemic state of a non-omniscient agent.     

A Common Abstraction of MV-Algebras and Abelian l-groups

We investigate the class of strongly distributive pregroups, a common abstraction of MV-algebras and Abelian l-groups which was introduced by E.Casari. The main result of the paper is a representation theorem which yields both Chang's representation of MV-algebras and Clifford's representation of Abelian l-groups as immediate corollaries.     

Prior distributions on symmetric groups

Fully and partially ranked data arise in a variety of contexts. From a Bayesian perspective, attention has focused on distance-based models; in particular, the Mallows model and extensions thereof. In this paper, a class of prior distributions, the Binary Tree, is developed on the symmetric group. The attractive features of the class are: it provides a closed-form solution to the posterior distribution; and a simple way to interpret the parameters of the prior distribution. The advantages of the proposed method are illustrated by comparing it to metric-based models using data analyzed by other researchers in this context.This revised article was published online in August 2005 with the PDF paginated correctly.     

Probabilistic Subset Conjunction

The authors introduce subset conjunction as a classification rule by which an acceptable alternative must satisfy some minimum number of criteria. The rule subsumes conjunctive and disjunctive decision strategies as special cases. Subset conjunction can be represented in a binary-response model, for example, in a logistic regression, using only main effects or only interaction effects. This results in a confounding of the main and interaction effects when there is little or no response error. With greater response error, a logistic regression, even if it gives a good fit to data, can produce parameter estimates that do not reflect the underlying decision process. The authors propose a model in which the binary classification of alternatives into acceptable/unacceptable categories is based on a probabilistic implementation of a subset-conjunctive process. The satisfaction of decision criteria biases the odds toward one outcome or the other. The authors then describe a two-stage choice model in which a (possibly large) set of alternatives is first reduced using a subset-conjunctive rule, after which an alternative is selected from this reduced set of items. They describe methods for estimating the unobserved consideration probabilities from classification and choice data, and illustrate the use of the models for cancer diagnosis and consumer choice. They report the results of simulations investigating estimation accuracy, incidence of local optima, and model fit. The authors thank the Editor, the Associate Editor, and three anonymous reviewers for their constructive suggestions, and also thank Asim Ansari and Raghuram Iyengar for their helpful comments. They also thank Sawtooth Software, McKinsey and Company, and Intelliquest for providing the PC choice data, and the University of Wisconsin for making the breast-cancer data available at the machine learning archives.     

从佛教量论看翻译的实质及类型划分--兼论翻译理论中的不可译性问题

本文首先从佛教量论的角度对翻译的实质做出界定,指出翻译的实质是一种为他(社会性)的比量活动。根据翻译为他比量的实质,可以引导出翻译的两种类型：比知翻译和喻知翻译。比知翻译是具有事先直接约定性的语言传递活动;喻知翻译是没有事先直接约定的语言传递活动。根据从佛教量论对翻译实质和类型的规定,本文分析了不可译性问题,揭示出不可译性在认识论上的误区,指出不可译性是不可知论或怀疑论在翻译领域的显现。     

On the Determination of Minimal Facets and Edges of a Polyhedral Set

In this paper we investigate the image of a polyhedral set under a linear map. Moreover, we present an algorithm for the determination of so-called minimal facets and certain minimal irredundant proper edges of a convex polyhedral set in ℝ³. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

“比较治疗学”与“循证医学”之比较

对比较治疗学与循证医学兴起的历史背景、基本内涵的差异以及在临床决策方法方面的关系进行了较为细致的比较。循证医学与比较治疗学分属于临床决策的两个不同的阶段,比较治疗学的内涵范围要大于循证医学,同时循证医学为比较治疗学提供主要的基础性决策依据,比较治疗学的决策方法是循证医学在临床决策方法上的新发展。两者对促进临床科学决策都具有重要意义。     

“比较治疗学”的原理与方法浅析

重点论述比较治疗学的发展背景和历史、基本概念、治疗方法、以及比较治疗学的发展基础和其对临床医学所带来的影响等。比较治疗学的产生和发展对传统医学以及临床医生来说都是一个严峻的挑战,如果临床医生能熟练地掌握和综合地运用比较治疗学的决策方法去解决临床医学的问题,将会大大提高临床诊疗工作的科学性和合理性。     

乳腺癌的现代与传统治疗模式的比较分析与思考

乳腺癌是女性最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,现代治疗模式已经广泛应用于临床。近年来,随着循证医学和基因相关技术及生物信息技术的不断发展,乳腺癌治疗方法得到不断改进,但远没有达到系统化、个体化、最优化的治疗目的。因此,现有的治疗模式值得我们去深思,并从哲学意义上探索更为完善的治疗模式。