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71.
In this paper the moral responsibility of a Healthcare Organization (HCO) is conceived as an inextricable aspect of the identity of the HCO. We attempt to show that by exploring this relation a more profound insight in moral responsibility can be gained. Referring to Charles Taylor we explore the meaning of the concept of identity. It consists of three interdependent dimensions: a moral, a dialogical, and a narrative one. In section two we develop some additional arguments to apply his concept of personal identity to organizations. The final section works out the relationship of three dimensions of identity to some actual issues in contemporary HCOs: the tension between care and justice, the importance of dialogues about the diversity of goods, and the relevance of becoming familiar with the life-story of the HCO. Identity of an HCO is established and developed in commitments to and identification with certain goods that are central for a HCO. However, many of these goods are interwoven with everyday practices and policies. Therefore, moral responsibility asks for articulation of goods that often stay implicit and should not be reduced to a merely procedural approach. However difficult this articulation may be, if it is not tried at all HCOs run the risk of drifting away from their very identity as healthcare institutions: to offer care to patients and to do this in accordance with demands of social justice. 相似文献
72.
A review of the literature and ethnographic data from Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United States, and the United Kingdom on the research ethics review process suggest that moral panics can become triggers for punctuated equilibrium in the review process at both the macro and microlevel, albeit with significantly different levels of magnitude and impact. These data suggest that neither the development of the ethics review process nor the process itself proceeds gradually, but both are characterized by periodic major shifts evoked by particular events or situations that result in varying levels of moral panic. One way to deal with this moral panic is to increase the regulation of research and the depth or intensity of the scrutiny of applications under ethics review. Moral panics at the macrolevel influence those at the microlevel and, if the moral panic evoked at the local or microlevel is not satisfactorily resolved, it will evoke action at a higher level. Understanding the evolution of research ethics review processes from this perspective might help make actions by ethics committees and policy makers more understandable and help explain why attention to research ethics are heightened at particular points in time. It may also provide a basis for developing recommendations for adaptations to the ethics review process and policy at both the local and macrolevel. 相似文献
73.
The increasing number of companies providing internet services and auction tools helped popularize the online reverse auction
trend for purchasing commodities and services in the last decade. As a result, a number of owners, both public and private,
accepted the online reverse auctions as the bidding technique for their construction projects. Owners, while trying to minimize
their costs for construction projects, are also required to address their ethical responsibilities to the shareholders. In
the case of online reverse auctions for construction projects, the ethical issues involved in the bidding technique directly
reflects on the owner’s ethical and social responsibilities to their shareholders.
The goal of this paper is to identify the shareholder ethics and responsibilities in online reverse auctions for construction
projects by analyzing the ethical issues for the parties involved in the process. The identification of the ethical issues
and responsibilities requires clear definition and understanding of professional ethics and the roles of the involved parties.
In this paper, first, the concept of professional ethics and social responsibility is described in a general form. To illustrate
the ethical issues and responsibilities, a sample case of bidding for a construction project using online reverse auction
techniques is presented in which the shareholders were actively involved in questioning the ethical issues. The issues involved
in the bidding process and their reflection on the shareholder responsibilities are described and analyzed for each stage
of the process. A brief discussion of the overall process is also included to address the general ethical issues involved
in online reverse auctions.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at the “Ethics and Social Responsibility in Engineering and Technology” meeting,
New Orleans, 2003. 相似文献
74.
Sauser WI 《Science and engineering ethics》2004,10(2):337-342
Without question “business ethics” is one of the hot topics of the day. Over the past months we have seen business after business
charged with improper practices that violate commonly-accepted ethical norms. This has led to a loss of confidence in corporate
management, and has had severe economic consequences. From many quarters business educators have heard the call to put more
emphasis on ethical practices in their business courses and curricula. Engineering educators are also heeding this call, since
the practice of engineering usually involves working for (or leading) a business and/or engaging in business transactions.
In the summer of 2002, Auburn University’s Engineering Professional Development program made the decision to produce—based
on the author’s Executive MBA course in Business Ethics—a distance-delivered continuing education program for professional
engineers and surveyors. Participants across the USA now may use the course to satisfy continuing education requirements with
respect to professional licensing and certification. This paper outlines the purpose and content of the course and describes
its production, distribution, application, and evaluation.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at the “Ethics and Social Responsibility in Engineering and Technology” meeting,
New Orleans, 2003. 相似文献
75.
Magun-Jackson S 《Science and engineering ethics》2004,10(2):219-224
Ethics has become an increasingly important issue within engineering as the profession has become progressively more complex.
The need to integrate ethics into an engineering curriculum is well documented, as education does not often sufficiently prepare
engineers for the ethical conflicts they experience. Recent research indicates that there is great diversity in the way institutions
approach the problem of teaching ethics to undergraduate engineering students; some schools require students to take general
ethics courses from philosophical or religious perspectives, while others integrate ethics in existing engineering courses.
The purpose of this paper is to propose a method to implement the integration of ethics in engineering education that is pedagogically
based on Kohlberg’s stage theory of moral development. 相似文献
76.
The dilemma of ethics in engineering education 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Newberry B 《Science and engineering ethics》2004,10(2):343-351
This paper briefly summarizes current thinking in engineering ethics education, argues that much of that ethical instruction
runs the risk of being only superficially effective, and explores some of the underlying systemic barriers within academia
that contribute to this result. This is not to criticize or discourage efforts to improve ethics instruction. Rather it is
to point to some more fundamental problems that still must be addressed in order to realize the full potential of enhanced
ethics instruction. Issues discussed will include: intellectual engagement versus emotional engagement; the gravitational
pull of curricular structures; the nature of engineering faculty; and the “engineer-ization” of ethics.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at the “Ethics and Social Responsibility in Engineering and Technology” meeting,
New Orleans, 2003. 相似文献
77.
Emison GA 《Science and engineering ethics》2004,10(2):225-233
The ethical choices faced by engineers today are increasingly complex. Competing and conflicting ethical demands from clients,
communities, employees, and personal objectives combine to suggest that engineers employ ethical approaches that are adaptive
yet grounded in three concrete professional circumstances: first, that engineers apply unique professional skills in the service
of a client, subject to protecting the public interest; second, that engineers advance the state of knowledge of their professional
field through reflection, research, and sharing experience in journals and conferences, and third, that they develop new professionals
by active mentoring. This paper examines five features of American pragmatism and suggests that its emphasis on specific,
context-based ethical decision making can assist engineers in a postmodern setting. In particular, it considers the venues
of interpersonal ethical choices, institutional ethical conflicts, and social choices that have ethical components. Pragmatism
suggests that in such a complex ethical climate, there is a need for the co-evolution of judgment and action, for individual
reflective judgment in particular situations, and for ceasing to search for a single, immutable principle for ethical choice.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at the “Ethics and Social Responsibility in Engineering and Technology” meeting,
New Orleans, 2003. 相似文献
78.
Faculty members at Canadian business schools were surveyed regarding their ethical perceptions of behaviours related to undergraduate instruction. Fifty-five behavioural statements were listed and respondents were asked to rate the extent to which they felt each behaviour was ethical or unethical. The only item that respondents endorsed as unequivocally unethical (90% indicated it was definitely unethical) was Becoming sexually involved with an undergraduate in one of your classes. We also compared the results of our sample to those of an American sample. Overall, an interesting pattern of differences emerged between the responses obtained in Canada and the U.S. In general, the direction of the significant differences was such that Canadian professors viewed the behaviours in question as less ethical than did their American counterparts. 相似文献
79.
McGinn RE 《Science and engineering ethics》2003,9(4):517-542
A survey on ethical issues in engineering was administered over a five-year period to Stanford engineering students and practicing
engineers. Analysis of its results strongly suggests that important disconnects exist between the education of engineering
students regarding ethical issues in engineering on the one hand, and the realities of contemporary engineering practice on
the other. Two noteworthy consequences of these gaps are that the views of engineering students differ substantially over
what makes an issue an ethical issue, while practicing engineers exhibit significant disagreement over what is the most important
non-technical aspect of being a responsible engineering professional in contemporary society. These divergences impede the
recognition of ethical issues and of specific moral responsibilities of engineers in concrete professional practice. It is
argued that the use of suitably refined and probing surveys of engineering students and practicing engineers about ethical
issues in engineering is an important although neglected empirical approach to the study of engineering ethics. Such an approach
can enhance the prevailing case study method and combat over-tidy theoretical-analytical approaches to the subject.
When a train arrives at a station in the London Underground, a public announcement cautions passengers to “mind the gap”,
i.e. heed the space between the station platform and the carriage while entering or exiting.
An early draft of this paper was presented at the International Conference on Ethics in Engineering and Computer Science,
Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, March 21–23, 1999. 相似文献
80.
Häyry M 《Theoretical medicine and bioethics》2003,24(3):199-214
Are there distinctly European values in bioethics, and if there are, what are they? Some Continental philosophers have argued that the principles of dignity, precaution, and solidarity reflect the European ethos better than the liberal concepts of autonomy, harm, and justice. These principles, so the argument goes, elevate prudence over hedonism, communality over individualism, and moral sense over pragmatism. Contrary to what their proponents often believe, however, dignity, precaution, and solidarity can be interpreted in many ways, and it is not clear which reading would, or should, be favored by popular opinion. It is therefore dangerous to think that any one understanding of "European", or any other, values could be legitimately imposed on those who have different ideas about morality in health care and related fields. Bioethical principles should be employed to promote discussion, not to suppress it. 相似文献