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191.
T. Steuart Watson 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1996,29(1):121-124
This study assessed the effectiveness of posting signs for reducing graffiti in three men's restrooms on a college campus using a multiple baseline across settings design. During baseline, graffiti increased almost daily in each of the three settings. Immediately following the intervention, no marks were made on any of the three walls. Results were maintained at 3-month follow-up. A possible explanation for the results is that the signs specified an altruistic contingency. 相似文献
192.
Lutz Koch 《Studies in Philosophy and Education》1996,15(1-2):61-68
The new situation in Europe, as exemplified in Germany, calls for a common consciousness, one traditionally characterized as sensus communis or common sense. Kant organized his ruminations on common sense — specifically, the logical common sense — around three maxims: enlightenment, the extended way of thinking and the consistent way of thinking. These are here described with an eye to their consequences for the issues of identity, community and pedagogy. 相似文献
193.
Joseph Galano 《American journal of community psychology》1996,24(6):681-695
Challenges the distinctions we make between research/scholarship and practice. Recognizes and values the complimentarity of
teaching, research, practice, and public policy. Tells how I have tried to approach creating opportunities to integrate those
activities in my role as a community psychologist in an academic setting. Describes some of the lessons I have learned from
my two decades of practice.
This article is a very close approximation to my Distinguished Contribution to Practice in Community Psychology award address
at APA in Toronto, August 1996. That talk included numerous overheads, which reason demands I omit. I thank Jim Sorenson and
George Albee who, each in their own way, showed me that university professors can be passionate about their work and extend
their reach beyond the perimeters of the campus. I thank Heather Barton, Krista Hopkins, Jennifer Heigel, and Anne Salassi
for being such good ambassadors and for my most meaningful source of professional satisfaction: turning students on to careers
as community psychologists and preventionists. I thank the Virginia prevention community for two decades of working together
toward a common mission and the College of William and Mary for supporting my life’s work. Finally I thank John Morgan for
his friendship and his affirming introduction, State Michaels for her help with the original talk, and Beverly Peterson for
always being there. I am deeply honored. 相似文献
194.
Glen W. White Adrienne Paine-Andrews R. Mark Mathews Stephen B. Fawcett 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1995,28(4):457-463
We examined the effects of access modifications to home entrances of people with physical disabilities on their reported community outings. An interrupted time-series design was used, in which the introduction of ramps was staggered across the homes of 6 people with moderate to severe mobility impairments. Four participants reported increases in weekly outings following installation of ramps at their entrances, and 2 reported a small decrease. These findings suggest that reducing the response requirements of access to and from the residence of people with mobility impairments may increase community visits, but may be insufficient given other environmental barriers in the community. 相似文献
195.
Empowerment praxis in community coalitions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Brad McMillan Paul Florin John Stevenson Ben Kerman Roger E. Mitchell 《American journal of community psychology》1995,23(5):699-727
Community coalitions address a wide variety of community problems, espousing a community development processes that promotes individual and collective self-determination. They offer a promising venue for the study of empowerment of individuals and organizations. This study utilizes data from members of 35 community coalitions organized for the prevention of alcohol and other drug problems to address the following questions: What individual characteristics are related to the psychological empowerment of coalition members? What organizational characteristics are related to the collective empowering of members? What organization characteristics are related to a coalition being organizationally empowered to succeed in achieving its objectives? At the individual level, psychological empowerment was most strongly related to individuals' participation levels, sense of community, and perceptions of a positive organizational climate. At the group level, the strongest predictors of collective empowering (our operationalization of the empowering organization) were net benefits of participation, commitment, and positive organization climate. Psychological empowerment and positive organizational climate were the two predictors of organizational effectiveness (the empowered organization). Implications and limitations of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
196.
Organizational characteristics of empowering community settings: A multiple case study approach 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Although empowerment is often cited as a major guiding construct for community psychology, relatively little is known about
the characteristics of empowering community settings. The current paper uses a multiple case study methodology to generate
a number of key organizational characteristics of empowering community settings to guide future work in the area. In-depth,
multilevel, longitudinal research was conducted on three empowering community settings: a religious fellowship, a mutual help
organization for persons with severe mental illness, and an educational program for African American students. The organizational
features found to characterize all three settings were (a) a belief system that inspires growth is strengths-based, and is
focused beyond the self; (b) an opportunity role structure that is pervasive, highly accessible, and multifunctional (c) a
support system that is encompassing, peer-based, and provides a sense of community; and (d) leadership that is inspiring,
talented, shared, and committed to both setting and members. Limitations of the research are discussed, and directions for
future research suggested. 相似文献
197.
J. R. Newbrough 《American journal of community psychology》1995,23(1):9-37
This essay addresses the insufficiency of modern science as the solution to the problems of human life. It is a critique of community theory and a constructivist proposal for a synthesis of the individuality and collectivity solutions to the Paradox of the One and the Many—designated as the Third Position. The Third Position is necessary for the postmodern period for there is a need to incorporate the goal of Equality (or Justice) into a paradigm based on Liberty and Fraternity. The Third Position is also called the Just Community. To achieve the development of the new position (paradigm), a location-specific action research center is proposed based on the Woods Hole Marine Biological Laboratory (Kelly, 1970). Two examples of action research are described: aqualitative project to develop community within a parish that has served to advance the theory of the Just Community, and aquantitative project of community-level change-monitoring of social indicators and the use of dynamic modeling as a way to understand and simulate local community processes. The Society for Community Research and Action is urged to take specific actions to explore the development of a Woods Hole community research laboratory. 相似文献
198.
Ann W. Stockman Ph.D. 《Group》1997,21(1):17-28
The task of community mental health is to provide quality services to clients despite funding cutbacks. This paper describes
the recent evolution in conceptualization and service delivery in one center. The outcomes are a philosophy that is customer
oriented, and treatment that draws upon brief techniques, in group and long term contexts. 相似文献
199.
Five studies were conducted over a 10-month period to determine the effectiveness of specific procedures in encouraging recycling among residential neighborhoods. Results indicated that: (a) initial levels of participation in neighborhoods were frequently related to housing values; (b) weekly recycling pick-ups that coincided with garbage collection days resulted in higher levels of participation than pick-ups that occurred at other times; (c) notifying homes about the recycling program through distributed door-to-door brochures was more effective than soliciting participation through newspaper ads; (d) distributing containers to help residents separate recyclable from nonrecyclable material proved to be an effective procedure, especially when combined with frequent prompting (prompting alone did not have much effect); and (e) procedures that facilitated the greatest levels of participation were not always cost-effective. The subsequent combination of these procedures into a package program resulted in high levels of neighborhood participation that were cost-effective and maintained over a 6-month period. 相似文献
200.
There are many opportunities in a family's daily routine to enrich the interactions among its members. One such opportunity arises at family restaurants. Surveys of restaurant personnel and customers suggested the possibility of enriching family interactions by redesigning indigenous materials such as table placemats. Accordingly, we developed Table-Talk placemats that provided conversational topics and illustrated games in which the entire family could participate. After some testing of these placemats in a preschool, a field experiment was conducted with families dining in restaurants. Table-Talk placements occasioned more social and educational dialogue among family members than either traditional-placemat or no-material conditions. Social validation ratings provided by mental health counselors and the parents suggested that Table-Talk placemats occasioned healthy and enjoyable interactions among family members. 相似文献