Central-Eastern European Collective Experiences

The social-psychological phenomena in the post-communist countries of Central-Eastern Europe can be understood only if studied in terms of their pre-communist past. These countries have a complex history. The events relating to dictatorship, democracy and nation are particularly conspicuous. The present study examines the meanings of the terms ‘dictatorship’, ‘democracy’ and ‘nation’ in Hungary, from 1973 until 1995, using the semantic differential. It is argued that the changes in the meanings of these terms can be explained in terms of socio-political changes in Hungary. (© 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)     

Disaster risk reduction: Psychological perspectives on preparedness

Facilitating people's ability to anticipate, prepare for and recover from disaster is an important component of the UNISDR strategy for disaster risk reduction. Following a discussion of the functional characteristics of preparedness, this paper first discusses how hazard characteristics and psychological constructs influence people's ability to anticipate uncertain future events. It then reviews how psychological theories (Health Belief Model, Protection Motivation Theory, PrE Theory, Theory of Planned Behaviour, Critical Awareness Theory, Social Marketing, Protective Action Decision Model, Social Capital, Community Engagement Theory and Social Identity Theory) can inform understanding of preparedness for likely and current hazard events. Discussion then then turns to applying concepts and theories to understanding preparedness for current disasters. The all-hazards and cross-cultural applicability of preparedness theory is discussed, as are a need for a critical appraisal of preparedness, its predictors, and the nature and development of the preparedness process and its application in facilitating effective intervention strategies.     

Individual Goal Orientations,Team Empowerment,and Employee Creative Performance: A Case of Cross‐level Interactions

Intrigued by relationship between team motivational context and individual characteristics in the organizational reality, we developed and tested a cross‐level model to investigate the interactive effects of team empowerment and individual goal orientations on individual creative performance through the mediating mechanism of an individual's creative self‐efficacy. Using multi‐wave multi‐source data from 63 R&D teams in three IT companies, we found that (1) team empowerment, individual learning goal orientation, and individual performance orientation are all positively related to individual creative performance through mediation of creative self‐efficacy; (2) learning orientation and performance approach orientation could both supplement the effects of team empowerment on individual creative self‐efficacy. Our findings point to the importance of individual goal orientation in shaping the effects of team motivation climates and provide insights for both scholars and practitioners. The specific practical implications include but are not limited to (1) individuals with learning and performance approach orientations should be identified during hiring procedures given that they could still thrive in less empowered teams and maintain a relatively high level of creative self‐efficacy and creative outcomes; (2) managers should consider assigning employees who are more learning oriented to more empowering and open‐ended tasks in order to obtain better creative results.     

Overcoming the “Holy Hush”: A Qualitative Examination of Protestant Christian Leaders’ Responses to Intimate Partner Violence

Described as a “holy hush,” past research has noted a general silence about and reluctance to address intimate partner violence (IPV) in religious congregations. To explore this, we interviewed 20 Protestant Christian religious leaders about how they understood and responded to IPV. Based on a thematic content analysis, our study revealed some of the challenges, tensions, and complexities that may be barriers to leaders speaking about and responding to IPV, and also the ways religious leaders in our sample attempted to overcome these challenges. For example, results revealed religious leaders understood violence on a gradation from less to more severe, and linked a need for and type of response to the level of violence. Throughout, religious leaders expressed a tension between their leadership role and responding to IPV. Furthermore, religious leaders acknowledged their need for greater training and connections to service providers, however, they reported not currently being connected to other IPV resources or organizations in the community. We discuss how the findings illuminate challenges and tensions for religious leaders in responding to IPV and how some leaders in this study were navigating these tensions to respond. We also discuss how findings may inform future research and the development of trainings and protocols for religious leaders and congregations on responding to IPV, promoting survivor safety, and fostering a greater understanding of IPV. Implications for collaboration with other community‐based IPV organizations are also discussed.     

Community Perspectives on Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Little is known about community attitudes toward adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and what factors lead to more positive attitudes. Using a cross-sectional design with a quantitative correlational approach, 60 adults were surveyed regarding experiences, knowledge, and comfort with adults with ASD living in the community. Most participants reported having encountered a person with ASD. Among these participants with personal experience, knowledge about ASD was relatively high. Amount of experience was the only variable associated with comfort. Results suggest that increasing exposure to people with ASD may be more effective in improving community acceptance compared to informational campaigns.     

Education for the future: The emerging paradigm of thrivable education

A new education paradigm is emerging to address the need to educate a planetary citizenry under conditions relevant to the living context of our planet. Key to this new paradigm is the emphasis on lifelong learning and empathy-oriented education—both critical ingredients to the transformative role of education for individual and collective thrivability. This article explores the parameters of this role and the indicators that point to its emerging presence in a variety of education contexts, both formal and informal as well as virtual and face-to-face.     

文化心理学与人类学积极融合的新趋势

当前以文化心理学为代表的研究热潮被誉为是心理学发展中的第四个解释维度。这一热潮促进了多元化研究方法的发展,不仅加强了心理学实证研究的普遍性,而且提升了理论建构解释的力度和重要性。长期以来,心理学与人类学有着紧密的联系,文化心理学与人类学有着更密切的联姻。随着文化心理学与人类学的进一步积极融合,不仅为心理学的全球化发展带来了新契机,而且对于积极探索构建人类命运共同体的社会心理机制,实现心理学研究范式多样化的统一,具有重要的学理意义及现实针对性。     

Validation of the work engagement,job satisfaction,psychological empowerment,and organisational citizenship measures in a mining sector setting in Zimbabwe

This study aimed to validate measures of work engagement, job satisfaction, psychological empowerment, and organisational citizenship for use with employees in a mining enterprise in Zimbabwe. Miners (N = 176, males = 85.2%, females = 1.3%; age range = 24–65 years; general workers = 92%) completed the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES), the Psychological Empowerment Scale (PES), the Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ20), and Organisational Citizenship Behaviour Checklist (OCB-C20). Findings, following exploratory factor analysis, suggest scores from the UWES, PES, MSQ20, and OCB20 to be reliable for research purposes in the Zimbabwean mining sector setting.     

社区矫正人员的心理需求理论——基于扎根理论

目的：探究社区矫正人员心理需求理论。方法：运用扎根理论,在文献查阅和田野调查的基础上编写访谈稿,抽取20人访谈,将访谈稿转录后筛出15份,运用Nvivo11软件分析。结果：社区矫正人员的心理需求包括三大类属：接纳现实,维护自我形象,恢复和重建;三大需求具有心理过程上的阶段性,并在回归社会和心理健康水平上有递进关系;针对社区矫正人员、其家人、社区矫正工作人员、社区矫正心理工作者,提出“明白事、接纳人、好发展”的建议。结论：初步得出有中国特色的社矫人员心理需求理论。