《本草纲目》早期译介研究——以《中华帝国全志》为例

从译介学视角出发,对以《中华帝国全志》为代表的《本草纲目》早期译介活动进行研究。以《中华帝国全志》最早英文全译本"凯夫版"为蓝本,探讨其"译介内容"及针对"译介受众"所采用的"译介策略",并简述"译介效果"。在译介过程中,"译介主体"为了满足译入语读者的需求,通过"译介内容"的选取及"译介策略"的应用一定程度上促进了中西文化的交流与融合。《本草纲目》早期译介的成功得益于各译介要素间的互动与博弈,为当代中国文化,尤其是中医文化"走出去"提供了有益借鉴。     

The Influence of Shared Visual Context on the Successful Emergence of Conventions in a Referential Communication Task

Human communication is thoroughly context bound. We present two experiments investigating the importance of the shared context, that is, the amount of knowledge two interlocutors have in common, for the successful emergence and use of novel conventions. Using a referential communication task where black‐and‐white pictorial symbols are used to convey colors, pairs of participants build shared conventions peculiar to their dyad without experimenter feedback, relying purely on ostensive‐inferential communication. Both experiments demonstrate that access to the visual context promotes more successful communication. Importantly, success improves cumulatively, supporting the view that pairs establish conventional ways of using the symbols to communicate. Furthermore, Experiment 2 suggests that dyads with access to the visual context successfully adapt the conventions built for one color space to another color space, unlike dyads lacking it. In linking experimental pragmatics with language evolution, the study illustrates the benefits of exploring the emergence of linguistic conventions using an ostensive‐inferential model of communication.     

HPV疫苗如何走入大众视野？——基于微博相关视频的内容分析

以微博相关视频为研究对象,对选取样本进行内容分析,探究有可能影响公众健康态度和疫苗健康决策的社交媒体内容如何呈现人乳头瘤病毒(human papillomavirus, HPV)疫苗相关议题,并利用扩展的平行过程模式(expended parallel process model,EPPM)对其内容中的“威胁”和“效能”信息分析得出,兼具大众传播功能和人际传播影响力的微博中,不同来源的HPV疫苗视频对HPV健康风险及疫苗改善措施的信息呈现上存在差异,对于HPV疫苗的接种信息呈现不足,有可能影响用户的健康效能,对公众的健康促进需要更加全面、准确、平衡的HPV疫苗信息呈现。

     

德国医学院医学交流能力培养模式探究

德国政府和高校对医学生医学交流技能的培养非常重视,由德国联邦卫生部医学交流纵向示范课程项目开发的医学交流纵向示范课,为德国各大高校医学院医学交流课程的构建和实施提供上层指导。以德国几所知名高校医学院为例,分别对医学交流课程内容设置、教学方式、师资团队构建、课程测试和评估等方面进行阐述,剖析德国医学交流课程体系特点：基于临床案例的教学素材、主题模块的课程形式、丰富的教学方式、专业的教学团队等,德国医学交流课程标准一致,课程体系完善,为我国医学交流课程完善和改革提供参考。

     

麻醉科医患沟通现状及认知分析一一我国45家医院联合调查报告——

2017年8月1日~9月30日,在全国45家医院进行了电子问卷调查,旨在从医方角度调研麻醉科医患关系的现状。结果显示在导致医患沟通不畅的原因中除客观因素(病情复杂及疗效不确定)之外,麻醉科医务人员对患者防备心理过重位列首位(37.8%),其次为沟通时间不够(33.4%)、沟通意识缺乏(29.2%)以及沟通能力不足(28.3%),由此可见如今麻醉科医患沟通问题比较突出。建议麻醉科医生通过转变医疗观念,强化沟通意识;掌握语言工具,提高沟通技能;积极向患者科普麻醉学科的进展和局限等综合措施,逐渐改善麻醉科医患沟通现状。

     

A framework for the multimodal joint work of turn construction in face-to-face interaction

We propose a framework for understanding the multimodal joint work of turn construction in face-to-face interaction. Using concepts from conversation analysis, nonverbal communication, and gesture studies, in a qualitative analysis of face-to-face interaction, we observe that, collaboratively and in a joint work, participants produce moves, within the current-speaker’s turn, that allow them to deal with possible moves that could compromise the projectable trajectory of the interaction in progress. Working at the micro level of interaction, we propose a framework that will allows a better understanding of how a turn can be collaboratively produced and how other levels of sequence organization can be produced in order to achieve the desired social-agreement outcome.     

The role of teammate relationships,communication and self-efficacy in predicting athlete flow experience

This study aimed at testing a structural model of athlete flow in a sample of South African students. A quantitative, cross-sectional research design was implemented. Participants completed self-report measures at pre-arranged times that were in close proximity to the completion of athletic activity. Student athletes (n = 235) participating in South Africa's two major sports, football and rugby, were surveyed. The instruments utilised in this study included the Short Flow State Scale-2, the Questionnaire on Experience and Assessment of Work, and the Generalised Self-Efficacy Scale. The results indicated positive relationships between the variables and established predictor paths. Teammate relationships and self-efficacy were established to as the best predictors of flow experiences of athletes.     

空间交互研究新视角：多重社会因素的影响

空间交互是人类生存和社交的重要内容, 主要包括语言交流和视角采择两大范畴。对空间交互策略和效率的影响因素的研究, 传统上集中于空间因素, 近年来逐渐开始关注各种社会因素, 包括个体自身的社会认知特质、交互对象的社会属性和空间环境中的社会线索, 并从不同角度提出了理论解释。未来研究应关注社会认知与空间认知的跨领域融合, 考察更加多元的空间交互对象, 最终建立一个整合空间和社会因素的空间交互理论框架。     

Development of a Communication Aid to Facilitate Risk Communication in Consultations with Unaffected Women from High Risk Breast Cancer Families: A Pilot Study

The literature on risk perception in women from high-risk breast cancer families reveals persistent over-estimation of risk, even after counseling. In this study, a communication aid was designed to facilitate discussion of risk between clinical geneticists and genetic counselors and women from this high-risk population. Method: Stage 1. The aid was developed by an expert panel of clinical geneticists, genetic counselors, psychologists, an epidemiologist, an oncologist, linguists and a consumer. It was guided by the international literature on risk communication and a large multi-centre Australian study of risk communication. The 13 page full-color communication aid used varying formats of words, numbers, graphs and pie-charts to address (a) the woman’s subjective risk; (b) the population risk of breast cancer; c) the risk of inherited breast cancer; (d) the cumulative risk for women with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations; (e) family risk factors; (f) the woman’s suitability for genetic testing; (h) screening and management recommendations, and (i) a re-assessment of the woman’s subjective risk. Stage 2: A before–after pilot study of 38 women who were unaffected with breast cancer and were attending four Australian familial cancer clinics was undertaken. Baseline and follow-up questionnaires were completed by 27 women. Outcomes were compared to those observed in 107 similar women undergoing genetic counseling without the communication aid in 2001. Results: The risk communication aid appears to be beneficial; breast cancer genetics knowledge improved in some areas and importantly, risk perceptions improved in the cohort receiving the communication aid. Psychological measures showed no difference in anxiety or depression between the group receiving the communication aid and the comparison cohort. Women and clinicians were very positive about the usefulness of the communication aid as an adjunct to the genetic counseling consultation.