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91.
Specificity of episodic and semantic aspects of autobiographical memory in relation to symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Moradi AR Herlihy J Yasseri G Shahraray M Turner S Dalgleish T 《Acta psychologica》2008,127(3):645-653
Two studies examined the relationship between the ability to access specific autobiographical material in memory and presence/symptoms of posttraumatic stress. In Study 1, a sample of refugees with a diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) completed the Autobiographical Memory Test (AMT) in which they had to generate specific episodic autobiographical memories in response to emotion-related cue words. Results showed that reduced specificity of memories on the AMT was associated with an increased frequency of trauma-related flashbacks but with reduced use of effortful avoidance to deal with trauma-related intrusions in the day-to-day. Study 2 examined retrieval of semantic autobiographical information from previous lifetime periods in groups of cancer survivors with posttraumatic stress and healthy controls. The cancer survivors were able to generate fewer specific semantic details about the personal past compared to the controls. The more symptomatic survivors showed the greatest memory impairment. The data from both studies are discussed in terms of compromised access to specific autobiographical material in distressed trauma survivors reflecting a process of affect regulation. 相似文献
92.
de Jongh A Olff M van Hoolwerff H Aartman IH Broekman B Lindauer R Boer F 《Behaviour research and therapy》2008,(12):1305-1310
The purpose of the present study was to determine the psychological impact of wisdom teeth removal and to identify the psychological risk factors for the development of dental anxiety and post-traumatic stress symptoms. Participants were 34 consecutive elective patients referred for surgical removal of a wisdom tooth under local anesthesia. Frequency of previous distressing dental events and general traumatic life events were assessed at baseline (t1), and emotional distress (pain, state anxiety and disturbance) immediately after treatment (t2). Post-traumatic stress responses were determined three days after treatment (t3), and at four weeks follow-up (t4), while severity of dental trait anxiety was assessed at t1 and at t4. Two patients (8%) met screening criteria for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) at t4. Multivariate analysis revealed that previous exposure to distressing dental events and pre-operative anxiety level predicted anxiety level at t4, accounting for 71% of the variance. Severity of pain during treatment was a significant predictor variable of PTSD symptom severity at t4 (25% explained variance). The findings underline the importance of pain-free treatments and awareness of patients' individual predisposition to anxiety or trauma-related symptoms to reduce the risk of iatrogenic psychological harm. 相似文献
93.
This study compared the Piers-Harris 2 scores of youth with PTSD (n=30) to the scores of traumatized youth without PTSD (n=60) and a non-traumatized comparison group (n=39). In the absence of major comorbid disorders, youth with PTSD evidenced significantly lower scores than the traumatized PTSD negatives and controls on five of six Piers-Harris 2 scales. With the exception of scores on an index of perceived parental acceptance of child behavior, trauma exposure in the absence of PTSD was not associated with lower Piers-Harris 2 scores. 相似文献
94.
《Behavior Therapy》2022,53(4):714-724
Prolonged Exposure therapy (PE) is a first-line treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); however, few VA patients receive this treatment. One of the barriers to PE receipt is that it is only available in an individual (one-on-one) format, whereas many VA mental health clinics provide the majority of their psychotherapy services in group format. In particular, PTSD residential rehabilitation treatment programs (RRTPs) offer most programming in group format. Consequently, strategies are needed to improve the scalability of PE by adapting it to fit the delivery setting. The current study was designed to pilot test a group-facilitated format of PE in RRTPs. Thirty-nine Veterans who were engaged in care in the PTSD RRTP at a Midwestern VA were recruited to participate in a Group-facilitated PE protocol. Participants engaged in twelve 90-minute sessions of Group PE over the course of 6 weeks, plus six 60-minute individual sessions for imaginal exposure. Group treatment followed the PE model and consisted of psychoeducation, treatment rationale, and in vivo exposure to reduce trauma-related avoidance and thereby improve PTSD symptoms. PTSD symptoms were measured via the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) and depression symptoms were measured via the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) at baseline, endpoint (6 weeks), and at 2-month follow-up. Thirty-nine individuals initiated Group-facilitated PE and 34 completed treatment. The average number of group sessions attended was 11 out of 12. Acceptability ratings were high. Mean change (improvement) in the intent-to-treat sample at 2-month follow-up was 20.0 points on the PCL-5 (CI 18.1, 21.9; Cohen’s d = 1.1) and 4.8 points on the PHQ-9 (CI 4.1, 5.5, d = .8). These results suggest that adapted evidence-based interventions for PTSD can improve treatment access and efficiency for the RRTP setting. A group-based approach has the potential to improve the scalability of PTSD treatment by reducing required resources. A fully powered trial is now needed to test the effectiveness of Group-facilitated PE in the RRTP setting. 相似文献
95.
The Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory (PTCI) assesses cognitions hypothesised to be associated with poor recovery from traumatic experiences and the maintenance of PTSD. The validity of the PTCI has received good support but doubts have been raised about its Self-BLAME subscale. The main aim of the present study was to test the ability of the PTCI subscales to discriminate between traumatised individuals with and without PTSD and to predict posttraumatic symptom severity. Participants (N=63) who had experienced a traumatic event were recruited via the media and completed the PTCI and self-report measures of PTSD and depression symptoms. Full criteria for a diagnosis of PTSD were met by 37 but not by the other 26. There were significant differences between these two groups on the total PTCI score and the Negative Cognitions About SELF and the Negative Cognitions About the WORLD subscales, but not on the Self-BLAME subscale. The two groups were discriminated by the PTCI subscales with 65% accuracy and the multiple correlation (R=.68) between the subscales and posttraumatic symptom severity was highly significant. However, in these analyses, higher scores on the Self-BLAME subscale were associated with less risk of a diagnosis of PTSD and with less posttraumatic symptomatology. Possible interpretations of these results, in terms of statistical suppressor effects and the protective role of behavioural self-blame, are discussed. 相似文献
96.
Matthew J. Cordova Janine Giese-Davis Mitch Golant Carol Kronenwetter Chang Vickie David Spiegel 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2007,14(4):308-319
Diagnosis and treatment of cancer has been associated with both posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and posttraumatic
growth (PTG). This cross-sectional study sought to assess the frequency, common predictors, and interrelationships of PTSD
symptoms and PTG in breast cancer survivors (n = 65). In this sample, symptoms of PTSD and reports of PTG were common and were not significantly related to one another.
Greater social constraints on talking about breast cancer and perception of cancer as a traumatic stressor were associated
with greater PTSD symptomatology. Younger age and perception of cancer as a traumatic stressor were associated with greater
PTG. Findings suggest the central role of subjective appraisal in adjustment to cancer. Psychosocial interventions should
be sensitive to the potential for PTG, both in treatment design and in assessment of outcomes. 相似文献
97.
98.
99.
Iris M. Engelhard Peter J. de Jong Mark van Overveld 《Behaviour research and therapy》2009,47(10):887-892
Anxious individuals tend to overestimate the probability that encounters with anxiogenic stimuli (CS) will be followed by aversive consequences (UCS). This study examined whether such (biased) UCS expectancies predict the persistence of PTSD symptoms. A total of 265 soldiers were recruited before a four-month deployment to Iraq in 2004. About 2-5 months after deployment, 171 (65%) soldiers completed self-report scales about adverse events in Iraq and PTSD symptoms, and a UCS expectancy task. In this task, participants were exposed to a series of deployment-related and deployment-unrelated (control) picture stimuli. For each trial, the participants indicated the subjective probability that a particular slide would be followed by an imminent loud noise. Around 15 months after deployment, 130 (76%) soldiers completed surveys about PTSD symptoms again. Only a small group of participants had high levels of PTSD symptoms. Regression analyses showed that the level of PTSD symptoms at 15 months was predicted by earlier PTSD symptoms, but also and independently by an enhanced UCS expectancy to deployment-related stimuli. The findings support the notion that UCS expectancy bias contributes to the persistence of PTSD symptoms. 相似文献
100.
Jesse R. Cougle Heidi Resnick Dean G. Kilpatrick 《Behaviour research and therapy》2009,47(12):1012-1017
Research has generally found a “dose relationship” between potentially traumatic events (PTEs) and the likelihood of developing PTSD, with greater number of events associated with greater likelihood. Most of these studies have been cross-sectional, however. A recent prospective study (Breslau, Peterson, & Schultz, 2008) found that PTSD response to prior potentially traumatic event (PTE) exposure, rather than prior exposure itself, acts as a risk factor for PTSD in response to subsequent PTE; however, this analysis combined many different types of events, and the unique contribution of specific events (e.g., assault) that may be associated with differential risk of PTSD was indeterminable. The present study examined the effects of cumulative PTE exposure prospectively using a two-wave design in the National Survey of Adolescents (N = 1703). History of assault and witnessing serious violence were the focal PTEs examined. Wave I assault without PTSD was found to predict PTSD at Wave II following exposure to new assault or witnessed violence; however, among those without prior PTSD, Wave I witnessed violence did not increase risk of subsequent PTSD following exposure. 相似文献