上海市大学生网络成瘾调查报告

本调查使用大学生网络成瘾量表,调查了上海市八所高校近四千名大学生。调查结果显示:上海市大学生网络成瘾的发生率为12.9%,其中轻度者为9.12%,中度者为3.60%,重度者为0.18%。上海市大学生网络成瘾的发生率存在显著的性别、年级差异,但不存在文理科差异。     

时间变量对大学新生人格特质的影响

以台湾地区某大学新生,从1998至2003共六届3141人为对象,分析人格改变情形,统计结果发现13项人格特质的赖氏人格量表中达显著差异的有6项,包括社会外向、攻击性、变异性、神经质、自卑感及虚伪性。性别分析达显著差异的共7项,包括活动性、客观性、协调性、攻击性、变异性、自卑感及神经质;男学生显著高于女学生的有活动性及攻击性,女学生显著高于男学生的有客观性、协调性、变异性、自卑感及神经质。结果显示在时间变量中,大学新生的人格的确发生了转变。     

体育专业大学生网络心理特点研究

目的:探讨体育专业大学生网络心理的特点。方法:采用自编大学生网络心理问卷,对某省236名体育专业大学生和331名非体育专业大学生的网络心理进行调查和比较。结果:(1)体育专业大学生网络喜好程度显著低于非体育专业大学生。(2)体育专业大学生对网络依恋程度低于非体育专业大学生。(3)体育专业大学生对网络人际交往依赖程度低于非体育专业大学生。(4)体育专业大学生在上网目的性上表现为"学习需要"等,非体育专业大学生上网是为了"寻求自信"等。     

大学生职业决策和自尊、成就动机的关系

在应用自尊量表(SES)和成就动机量表(AMS)对106名大学生(男生46名,女生60名)进行调查的基础上,通过设计框架性职业决策情景,探究了大学生职业决策和自尊、成就动机的关系。结果发现:(1)成就动机中避免失败变量与框架效应的交互作用对大学生职业决策倾向性有显著性影响;(2)自尊水平对大学生职业决策倾向性存在显著性作用;(3)框架效应在大学生职业决策中发生作用,对大学生的职业决策倾向性有显著的影响。     

Exploring the mediation effect of social support and self-esteem on the relationship between humor style and life satisfaction in Chinese college students

In this study, we examined the mediator effects of social support and self-esteem on the relationship between humor style and life satisfaction in Chinese college students. We had 477 university students, with age range of 18–23 respond to self-report measures of humor style questionnaire, multi-dimensional scale of perceived social support, Rosenberg self-esteem scale and satisfaction with life scale. Results of structural equation modeling showed that social support and self-esteem fully mediated the relationship between affiliative humor, self-enhancing humor and life satisfaction. The final model also revealed a significant path from affiliative humor, self-enhancing humor through social support and self-esteem to life satisfaction. The results are discussed in terms of the conceptional context.     

Cognitive functioning and cortisol profiles in first episode major depression

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is often associated with high levels of stress and disturbances in the Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal (HPA) system, yielding high levels of cortisol, in addition to cognitive dysfunction. Previous studies have shown a relationship between cortisol profile and cognitive functioning in recurrent MDD in general. More specifically, the association between hypercortisolism and cognitive functioning, such as memory and Executive Functioning (EF), and also more recently cortisol suppression has been explored. However, no studies have investigated these relationships in patients diagnosed with first episode MDD. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between cortisol levels before and after the Dexamethasone suppression test (DST) and cognitive function in first episode MDD patients. Twenty‐one patients meeting the DSM‐IV criteria for a first episode of MDD diagnosis were included in the study. The control group was matched for age, gender and education level. Cortisol was measured in saliva collected with Salivette sampling devices. Saliva samples were collected 4 times during a 24 hours period over two consecutive days: at awakening, after 45 minutes, after 7 hours and at 11 pm. Dexamethasone (1.0 mg) was given orally on Day 1 at 11 pm. The neuropsychological test battery consisted of standardized tests measuring executive functioning (EF) and memory functioning. Cortisol levels did not differ significantly between patients and controls on Day 1, except for the last sample before Dexamethasone administration, where the control group showed higher levels. Both groups showed suppression after Dexamethasone. On Day 2 there was a significant difference between groups at the third sample, showing a significantly lower level in the control group, suggesting that the controls have a more effective suppression profile than the patients. There were no significant correlations between cortisol levels before or after Dexamethasone and cognitive measures. The results indicate impairment on HPA‐axis functioning in first episode MDD patients, with less suppression functioning compared to healthy controls, but no relationship between cortisol profile and cognitive functioning in EF or Memory.     

Sexual Hookups and Alcohol Consumption Among African American and Caucasian College Students: A Pilot Study

This study investigated college students’ sexual hooking up and its associations with alcohol consumption for men and women; furthermore, potential differences related to ethnicity were investigated. Students at a midsized southeastern university who identified as Caucasian or African American (N = 227) completed a survey assessing sexual behavior, demographics, and alcohol consumption. Heavy drinking was associated with ever hooking up, number of hookup partners, hookup frequency, and level of sexual contact during hooking up for Caucasian students, but not for their African American peers. Among Caucasians, moderate drinking men reported more intense sexual contact during hookups than their female peers who were moderate drinkers; sexual contact levels were more similar for men and women who were either nondrinkers or heavy drinkers. Limitations and strengths are discussed, as are ideas for future studies on hooking up and for educational efforts to protect against potentially negative outcomes of hooking up.     

地方普通高校医学硕士研究生导师组制度培养模式研究

导师是研究生成长和成才的重要引导者,在研究生培养体系中发挥着重要的作用。构建医学硕士研究生导师组制度培养模式,可以有效地提高地方普通高校研究生的培养水平和提升导师队伍的整体水平,并且能够推动转化医学的有效开展和促进高校医学研究水平与医院临床医疗技术的共同发展。在构建这一培养模式过程中,应明确人才培养目标,借鉴临床医学人才培养“5+3”模式,处理好多重关系,建立健全导师组管理制度,不断加强导师组建设。     

重大传染病疫情应对中个人的伦理责任影响——以新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情为例

重大传染病疫情应对可能出现公共利益挤压个人权利的问题,但这种非常态下的权宜之策对阻断病毒传播至关重要,经得起合法性考验。为有效控制重大传染病疫情蔓延,每个人都要承担协调好与他人、与社会的关系,适度让渡个人权利、参与疫情防控、平等对待患者和高风险地区同胞、合理约束自己需求等伦理责任。相关职能部门应当通过完善法律法规、引导树立共同体意识、制定伦理指南、加强沟通解释等方式确保个人的伦理责任落实到位。

     

青少年重度抑郁患者自伤行为及危险因素研究

为探讨重度抑郁青少年非自杀性自伤(non-suicidial self-injury,NSSI)行为发生的风险因素,采用贝克自杀意念量表、焦虑自评量表、Barratt冲动量表、认知情绪调节量表、青少年生活事件量表、家庭亲密度及适应性量表对160例抑郁障碍青少年患者进行调查。结果发现,青少年重度抑郁发作患者中NSSI行为发生率较高,性别差异不显著。伴NSSI组患者的冲动性、自杀危险、焦虑、自我责难、灾难化及人际关系得分显著高于不伴NSSI组(P<0.05);计划、积极重新评价,家庭实际适应性得分显著低于不伴NSSI组(P<0.05)。二分类Logistic回归分析显示,自杀危险得分、冲动性总分、人际关系、自我责难是NSSI的危险因素。