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961.
自尊结构研究的发展趋势 总被引:15,自引:2,他引:13
近年来,自尊结构的研究领域内出现了一些新进展,主要表现在:(1)内隐自尊研究的逐步兴起;(2)由注重总体自尊的研究到注重研究自尊的结构和具体自尊;(3)注重对自尊稳定性维度的分析研究;(4)注重对自尊结构的跨文化研究。这些都为我们理解和探讨自尊结构提供了新的观点和视角。文章综述了该研究领域的进展,并对今后的自尊结构研究作了展望。 相似文献
962.
8—12岁超常与常态儿童的检测时比较 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
研究者采用两种视觉检测时任务,比较了8至12岁超常和常态儿童的检测时发展变化特点。结果发现:随着年龄的增长,超常组和常态组儿童的检测时都呈现出逐步减小的趋势,并且对于不同任务的检测时,两组儿童的发展速度不同,但均未表现出性别差异;在不同的年龄段和检测时任务中,超常组儿童的检测时均显著地快于常态组儿童。通过对两组儿童的检测时发展速率的比较还发现,儿童的检测时发展基本上不受学校知识或经验的影响。另外,两组儿童的检测时和智力测验分数之间都有中等程度的负相关。 相似文献
963.
Daniel Paquette 《Aggressive behavior》1994,20(1):49-65
Most young non-human primates spend a great deal of time playing alone or with conspecifics. Despite numerous studies on social play, its adaptive functions remain unclear. A longitudinal study comparing social interactions preceding and following rank reversals among four captive adolescent chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurtii) suggests that social play during their adolescent period functioned in establishing and maintaining the dominance rank within dyads, without interventions from allies. Interventions were less frequent in rough-and-tumble play than in real fighting. Within dyads of competing chimpanzees, rough play was more frequent than gentle play. Both types of play were correlated with reciprocal aggression between competitors, and most play bouts terminated in truly aggressive conflict. Dominant individuals seemed to be responsible for maintaining play activity, by responding playfully to threats and aggression of contestants. In addition, dominant individuals more often initiated play encounters with their subordinates when the dominance relationships were clear, but subordinate individuals also initiated play sequences when they challenged the dominant's rank. The adaptive value and mechanisms of rough-and-tumble play are discussed in the context of adolescence. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
964.
以66名应届或往届大学生为被试,运用何小蕾(2004)修订的情绪智力量表和信息板技术探讨了决策时限、选项数量及情绪智力对职业决策过程中线索加工的影响。结果发现:(1)决策时限和选项数量影响职业决策过程中各条线索的平均点击次数和平均加工时间,说明完成信息板任务过程中被试加工线索的策略会因为决策时限和选项数量的变化而发生改变;(2)情绪智力水平对职业决策中的信息搜索模式有显著影响,高情绪智力水平者倾向于采用基于选项的复杂搜索策略;(3)情绪智力的各维度对职业决策中信息加工的平均决策时间、搜索深度和搜索模式具有不同的影响,其中管理情绪、表达情绪对决策时间和搜索深度均有显著影响,理解情绪对决策时间有显著影响,利用情绪对搜索深度和搜索模式有显著影响,而情绪发展对决策时间有显著影响。 相似文献
965.
We argue that conceptual analyses of collective action should be informed by game-theoretic analyses of collective action.
In particular, we argue that Ariel Rubenstein’s so-called ‘Electronic Mail Game’ provides a useful model of collective action,
and of the formation of collective intentions. 相似文献
966.
The impurity of measures is considered as cause of erroneous interpretations of observed relationships. This paper concentrates on impurity with respect to the relationship between working memory and fluid intelligence. The means for the identification of impurity was the fixed-links model, which enabled the decomposition of variance into experimental and non-experimental parts. A substantial non-experimental part could be expected to signify impurity. In a sample of 345 participants error scores and reaction times, which were obtained by the Exchange Test, represented working memory, and Advanced Progressive Matrices served as measure of fluid intelligence. The four independent latent variables of the model associated with error scores and reaction times led to a multiple correlation .67 with the latent variable of fluid intelligence. However, there was impurity since the decomposition by means of the fixed-links model showed that only 45% of the common variance was due to working memory. 相似文献
967.
Fluid intelligence, memory span, and temperament difficulties predict academic performance of young adolescents 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Roberto Colom Sergio Escorial Pei Chun Shih Jesús Privado 《Personality and individual differences》2007,42(8):1503-1514
There are several candidate measures when asking which psychological construct significantly predicts academic performance. Hundreds of studies have addressed this issue by measuring intelligence, basic cognitive processes, or personality. However, the simultaneous consideration of a broad and varied array of measures is much less common. Here we consider several cognitive and personality measures concurrently to define latent factors representing six constructs of presumed interest: fluid intelligence, short-term memory, working memory, processing speed, controlled attention, and temperament difficulties. One hundred and thirty-five secondary school students were tested. Their academic performance was measured by average grades in the nine scholastic areas of their curriculum. The main finding shows that a latent factor defined by fluid intelligence and memory span along with a latent factor defined by impulsiveness, sensation seeking, and lack of fear account for an impressive figure of 60% of the variance in academic performance. 相似文献
968.
Robert M. Geraci 《Zygon》2007,42(4):961-980
In science-fiction literature and film, human beings simultaneously feel fear and allure in the presence of intelligent machines, an experience that approximates the numinous experience as described in 1917 by Rudolph Otto. Otto believed that two chief elements characterize the numinous experience: the mysterium tremendum and the fascinans. Briefly, the mysterium tremendum is the fear of God's wholly other nature and the fascinans is the allure of God's saving grace. Science-fiction representations of robots and artificially intelligent computers follow this logic of threatening otherness and soteriological promise. Science fiction offers empirical support for Anne Foerst's claim that human beings experience fear and fascination in the presence of advanced robots from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology AI Lab. The human reaction to intelligent machines shows that human beings in many respects have elevated those machines to divine status. This machine apotheosis, an interesting cultural event for the history of religions, may—despite Foerst's rosy interpretation—threaten traditional Christian theologies. 相似文献
969.
970.
情绪智力理论结构的实证研究 总被引:20,自引:2,他引:18
本文对Salovey和Mayer提出的情绪智力理论结构进行了因子分析研究,证明了该结构基本变量个体反应的合理性,但对其因子分类提出了不同的理论分析和分类解释;对Goleman的情绪智力结构进行了比较研究;为编制“情绪智力量表”作了必要的理论准备。 相似文献