Perception of the Minority's Collective Identity and Voting Behavior: The Case of the Palestinians in Israel

Abstract

The author investigated how Palestinian (n = 130) and Jewish (n = 153) Israeli university students perceived the collective identity of the Palestinian minority in Israel. The Palestinian and Jewish respondents perceived the “identity space” of the minority as linear, or bipolar, with 1 pole defined by the national (Palestinian) identity and the other defined by the civic (Israeli) label. The Palestinian respondents defined their collective identity in national (Palestinian, Arab) and integrative (Israeli-Palestinian) terms; the Jewish respondents perceived the minority's identity as integrative (Israeli-Palestinian). Different political outlooks among Palestinian respondents were related to their identification with the civic (Israeli) identity but not to their identification with the national (Palestinian) identity. In contrast, different political outlooks among Jewish respondents were related to their inclusion, or exclusion, of the national (Palestinian) component in their definition of the minority's identity. Implications of the results are discussed in terms of a minority acculturation model (J. Berry, J. Trimble, & E. Olmedo, 1986).     

Sense of community coherence and inter-religious relations

ABSTRACT

The current article attempts to broaden the individual-based concept of sense of coherence to the community level. We examine sense of community coherence and its connection with perceptions of collective narratives and acculturation tendencies in the social context of Palestinian Muslims and Christians living in Israel. Questionnaires that were developed and adapted for the unique population in this study were distributed to a representative sample of 1034 Muslims (455 males) and 720 Christians (354 males), all Israeli citizens aged 18 and up. As expected, sense of community coherence was negatively related to the level of acceptance of the out-group collective narratives and positively related to the level of acceptance of the in-group collective narratives. In the same vein, it was also positively related to the tendency for separation and negatively related to the tendency for integration and assimilation. The discussion focuses on the contribution of the research findings to the deepening of our understanding of the concepts of sense of coherence and sense of community coherence.     

Future-oriented emotions in the prediction of binge-drinking intention and expectation: the role of anticipated and anticipatory emotions

The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) offers a parsimonious explanation of purposive behavior, but in the study of healthy and risk behaviors its sufficiency may be questioned. Working with binge-drinking, a very common risk behavior in Spanish undergraduate students, we used two strategies for improving predictions from TPB: using behavioral intention (BI) and behavioral expectation (BE) as proximal antecedents of behaviors and adding as new predictors two future-oriented emotions (anticipated and anticipatory). Hierarchical regression analyses show that while anticipated emotions improved TPB explanations of BI, anticipatory emotions improved the explanations of BE. The present results show the influence of future emotions in the prediction of behavioral intention and behavioral expectation.     

The development and validation of the Relational Self-Esteem Scale

According to the tripartite model of the self (Brewer & Gardner, 1996), the self consists of three aspects: personal, relational, and collective. Correspondingly, individuals can achieve a sense of self-worth through their personal attributes (personal self-esteem), relationship with significant others (relational self-esteem), or social group membership (collective self-esteem). Existing measures on personal and collective self-esteem are available in the literature; however, no scale exists that assesses relational self-esteem. The authors developed a scale to measure individual differences in relational self-esteem and tested it with two samples of Chinese university students. Between and within-network approaches to construct validation were used. The scale showed adequate internal consistency reliability and results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed good fit. It also exhibited meaningful correlations with theoretically relevant constructs in the nomological network. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.     

汉语背景下左右走向的心理时间线

摘 要 通过两个实验探讨了汉语背景下是否存在左右走向的心理时间线。实验一,表示过去和未来的时间词作为刺激,呈现在屏幕的左侧或右侧,要求被试用两手按键对刺激进行过去意义词和未来意义词的分类。实验二,采用线索提示范式的变式,中央的时间词作为线索,完成左侧或右侧闪现的圆点的定位任务。结果发现：（1）对过去意义词用左手反应或呈现在左边反应更快,对未来意义词用右手反应或呈现在右边反应更快,存在空间时间反应编码联合效应（STEARC效应）。（2）未来意义词显著激活对右空间的注意,过去意义词存在激活左空间注意的倾向。表明时间存在左右走向的心理表征,过去表征到左边,未来表征到右边。     

Discussions

Summary  In their paper, ‘When are thought experiments poor ones?’ (Peijnenburg and David Atkinson, 2003, Journal of General Philosophy of Science 34, 305-322.), Jeanne Peijnenburg and David Atkinson argue that most, if not all, philosophical thought experiments are “poor” ones with “disastrous consequences” and that they share the property of being poor with some (but not all) scientific thought experiments. Noting that unlike philosophy, the sciences have the resources to avoid the disastrous consequences, Peijnenburg and Atkinson come to the conclusion that the use of thought experiments in science is in general more successful than in philosophy and that instead of concocting more “recherché” thought experiments, philosophy should try to be more empirical. In this comment I will argue that Peijnenburg’s and Atkinson’s view on thought experiments is based on a misleading characterization of both, the dialectical situation in philosophy as well as the history of physics. By giving an adequate account of what the discussion in contemporary philosophy is about, we will arrive at a considerably different evaluation of philosophical thought experiments.

For I am convinced that we now find ourselves at an altogether decisive turning point in philosophy, and that we are objectively justified in considering that an end has come to the fruitless conflict of systems. We are already at the present time, in my opinion, in possession of methods which make any such conflict in principle unnecessary. What is now required is their resolute application. (Schlick, ‘The Turning Point in Philosophy’, 1930/1959, p. 54).

     

肝癌时间生物学研究的启示

在临床一线工作中发现肝癌病人就诊率有一定的时间现象,而在时间生物学理论启发下开拓了肝癌时间生物学研究的创新思路,体会到新科学理论是一把开启科学思维的金钥匙,但还必须善于用在科学实践上。在“对立统一”哲学原理的启发下,根据爱因斯坦“弯曲时空”原理找到气候差异很大的不同经纬度区域的肝癌临床时间生物学特征是否为同一性的论证方法。根据“对立统一”哲学原理,对肝癌细胞内正/负向癌基因进行对应表达实验研究,探索肝癌时间生物学特征的分子机制。对肝癌时间生物学研究最终目标进行了哲理性思考。     

浅议辩证思维方法在高血压预防及治疗中的应用

辩证思维方法是最普遍适用、最重要的科学思维方法之一。高血压的预防及治疗中的各个方面无不渗透着丰富的哲学思想,理解和把握哲学思想对高血压的防治具有重要的指导意义。     

通过发展区域规划建设更加健康的未来

论述有关城市在这个更大范围的地区和全球系统中的位置,以及这些系统对城市和城市居民"健康"的影响.提出倡议:为了建设更健康的未来,城市需要参与并且对其地域生态的发展产生影响,而作为一个全方位的改革的一部分,城市应该将健康和人类的发展作为关注的重点.