Emotional intelligence and health‐related quality of life in institutionalised Spanish older adults

This study explores the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in a sample of Spanish older adults who are institutionalised in long‐term care (LTC) facilities. One hundred fifteen institutionalised individuals (47.82% women; 88.3 ± 7.9 years) from southern Spain completed a set of questionnaires that included measures of EI, health and personality. Data were analysed via hierarchical regression. After controlling for personality and sociodemographic variables, the EI dimensions, emotional comprehension and emotional facilitation, accounted for part of the variance in several HRQoL facets. These dimensions could have an important role in the HRQoL of residents in LTC. Moreover, the use of a performance measure addresses the limitations of previous studies that have relied on self‐report measures. These aspects underscore the importance of the results of this study.     

“助手”还是“杀手”：用ChatGPT求医问药的风险分析

ChatGPT正在影响人们求医问药的传统方式,将医疗保健应用场景从院内转移到院外,提高了医学知识和诊疗信息的可及性。但ChatGPT在回答医学问题时也存在不足,如回答内容的不准确性和随意性,也难以将每个患者视为独立个体并给出体现医者智慧、思想和精神关怀的答案。用ChatGPT求医问药还存在生命健康、道德伦理、安全隐私和医疗公平风险。未来,在人工智能赋能医疗发展并促进人类健康的同时,仍应警惕ChatGPT对生命健康权、知情同意权、隐私保护权的冲击。

     

医学人工智能应用若干问题的哲学思考

人工智能在医学领域应用已触及众多方向,从医学影像、病理诊断、精神卫生,到康复医疗、居家健康支持等都有所进展,也引发了广泛的哲学及伦理思考。在医学哲学视角下,探讨人工智能机器道德主体地位争议、机器使用所产生的多重关系的界定,以及人工智能技术价值判断及信任考量、数据获得性及隐私保护现状。进一步指出在充满不确定性的应用场景下,人工智能可能引起的不公平、歧视与风险责任,呼吁建立与技术深度融合的人工智能伦理审查和协同治理机制。     

医生的超然与介入

超然是医生职业化的必然要求 ,介入是职业伦理的外在体现。适度的超然为医生职业的权威性提供了保证 ,过度的超然造成职业的冷漠。恰当的介入体现了医生的责任感和人文关怀 ,过度的介入造成医生心理的倦怠 ,从而造成情感冷漠。为了达到医患之间的和谐 ,了解超然和介入的一般性质 ,寻求超然与介入的平衡至关重要。阐述超然与介入的一般性质 ,同时为超然与介入的平衡提供一些建议     

Bowen家庭治疗模式评析

和其它经典的家庭治疗一样,Bowen家庭治疗模式也建立在系统理论的基础之上。他认为,个人症状的出现,在于个人与家庭情感的融合而使自己丧失了自我判断和选择的能力。因此,主张用代际互动疗法来解构病态的三角关系,增加与扩大家庭中的互动,从而增强个体的自我分化程度,以减轻焦虑。     

Kindergarten self-control mediates the gender reading achievement gap: A population-based cohort study

Could superior self-control explain the gender difference in reading achievement favoring girls? To test this idea, we drew on a unique population-based sample (N = 11,336) where self-control was measured in kindergarten using a multimethod battery of assessments. Girls showed substantially higher levels of self-control in kindergarten (β = 0.47) and outperformed boys on standardized tests of reading achievement in third/fourth grade (β = 0.20). Further, kindergarten self-control prospectively predicted reading achievement throughout elementary school (β = 0.37). Connecting these findings, our mediation analyses revealed that the female self-control advantage in kindergarten could account for subsequent gender differences in reading achievement. Our results suggest that early gender differences in self-control may represent a key pathway through which gender disparities in reading skills, vocabulary knowledge, and reading comprehension occur.     

左侧眶额皮层在自动情绪调节下注意选择中的作用：来自经颅直流电刺激的证据

前人研究表明自动情绪调节能够自上而下地影响情绪及情绪性注意过程。近来有研究提示自动情绪调节与眶额皮层(orbitofrontal cortex, OFC)有关。也有研究表明左侧OFC的激活影响负性注意偏向。本研究采用经颅直流电刺激技术,考察阈下启动情绪控制目标条件下,抑制左侧眶额皮层兴奋性是否影响负性注意偏向。结果发现,使用阴极刺激抑制左侧OFC活动可以加快被试对与恐惧刺激位置一致的探测点的反应。该结果提示左侧眶额皮层是自动情绪调节下情绪性注意选择相关的重要脑区。