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971.
Geraldine Clarke 《Journal of Consumer Behaviour》2001,1(2):111-123
This paper presents research that uses cognitive and affective semantic differential scales to construct an attitude measuring instrument to be used in the services domain in the context of long applications to buy a service. The scales measure ‘Attitude to the Application Process’ (AAP) which represents satisfaction, as an internal ‘buying process’ attitude, which moderates the buying intention. Data collected over a three‐year period between 1996‐9, was analysed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. The results provide evidence of a robust and useful cognitive scale. Although there were anomalies in the exploratory and confirmatory analysis of the affective scale, a robust scale is presented which represents either one or two factors. The whole measuring instrument of 14 items was developed as a means to access applicant attitudes during the application process to university — an extended and extreme application situation for first‐time consumers. The results identify that the instrument is sound and can be used in its original or modified form, depending on the context of the service‐process monitoring situation. The scales represent aspects of attitude not dealt with extensively in the literature and measure the perception of the application process as simple, open, friendly and helpful. These aspects of satisfaction mirror three attributes of service quality: assurance, responsiveness and empathy identified in previous research. Copyright © 2001 Henry Stewart Publications. 相似文献
972.
973.
进化观点下的智力研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
综述了进化心理学探讨智力所取得的研究成果,内容包括智力的起源(如进化环境与智力的关系)、进化心理学视角下智力的分类。同时,该文认为一般智力是一种特殊的认知模块,即专门智力。最后,讨论了对智力进行进化心理学研究的重要意义与未来研究取向。 相似文献
974.
工作记忆与领域知识在个体认知行为中的作用 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
新近研究表明,工作记忆和领域知识在个体认知行为上起了积极的作用,对二者关系的研究有三种观点:一是强调工作记忆或领域知识在认知行为中的单独作用;二是综合考察二者在个体认知行为中的不同作用;三是建立模型,阐述工作记忆和领域知识在认知行为中的作用。最后针对当前有关此方面的研究,探讨有关工作记忆和领域知识作用研究的发展趋势。 相似文献
975.
The objective of this study was to investigate the importance of impaired physical health and age in normal cognitive aging. In our cross-sectional, clinical and explorative study, medical and neuropsychological data from 118 voluntary healthy controls aged 26-91 years were collected from five recruitment occasions. Health was assessed according to a criterion reflecting clinical and subclinical severity. The examinations included a clinical investigation, brain neuroimaging, and a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. Regression analyses showed a significant incidence of clinical and subclinical medical disorders that explained 10.8% of the variation in cognitive performance, while age-related impairment explained 5.6%. Findings of the central nervous system were important but various other medical findings explained about half of the health-related variation. Cognitively demanding tasks were more susceptible to impaired physical health while tasks comprising salient motor- and visual spatial elements were more prone to be impaired by age. Our findings suggest (1) that impaired physical health is more important than chronological age in accounting for cognitive impairment across the adult lifespan, (2) that age and health dissociate with regard to cognitive functions affected, and (3) that selection for so-called "super healthy" elderly people might be justified in cognitive research. Because the prevalent diseases in normal aging are potentially preventable, the present findings promise good prospect for prevention of future cognitive disability among elderly people. 相似文献
976.
Marital Conflict and Risk for Child Maladjustment over Time: Skin Conductance Level Reactivity as a Vulnerability Factor 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Skin conductance level reactivity (SCLR) was examined as a longitudinal mediator and moderator of relations between parental marital conflict and psychopathology among children and young adolescents. Participants were 157 boys and girls (M age at T1 = 9.31 years; SD = 1.97); there was a 2-year lag between T1 and T2 assessments. At T1, participants' SCLR was assessed in response to lab challenges. Parents completed measures of aggressive marital conflict and child adjustment at T1 and T2. Supportive of moderation effects, T1 marital conflict interacted with T1 SCLR and gender in the prediction of changes in maladjustment. The link between marital conflict and increased internalizing and externalizing symptoms was stronger for girls with higher SCLR than girls with lower SCLR. Marital conflict predicted increased externalizing behaviors for boys with lower SCLR but not higher SCLR, although levels of externalizing behaviors were similar among boys with lower and higher SCLR especially at higher levels of marital conflict. Findings build on the literature by illustrating the importance of examinations of both family risk and youth biological vulnerability for the prediction of psychopathology. 相似文献
977.
Doug Oman Shauna L. Shapiro Carl E. Thoresen Tim Flinders Joseph D. Driskill Thomas G. Plante 《Pastoral Psychology》2007,55(4):473-493
Effects of two meditation and mindfulness-based spiritual interventions were examined in college undergraduates (N=44). Compared to a control group, both interventions decreased negative religious coping (d=−0.80, p<.01) and images of God as mainly controlling (d=−.73, p<.01). One intervention provided more training in tools for learning from community and tradition-based spiritual exemplars.
It produced gains in famous or traditional spiritual exemplars’ perceived influence (d=+.81, p<.05) and availability (d=+.66, p<.10), in self-efficacy for learning from spiritual exemplars (d=+.92, p<.05), and in nonmaterialistic aspirations (d=+0.65, p<.05). 相似文献
978.
Ryan C. Martin Eric R. Dahlen 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》2007,25(3):155-173
Although cognitive–behavioral therapy is the preferred anger management treatment, research on the cognitive processes associated
with anger is relatively sparse. One reason for this has been a lack of adequate measures of the cognitive processes associated
with anger. The current study addresses this limitation by developing a theoretically derived instrument to measure the cognitive
processes thought to be associated with maladaptive anger. Pilot work identified a set of 72 items written to reflect 5 domains
that cut across cognitive theories of anger: overgeneralizing, inflammatory labeling, demandingness, catastrophic evaluation,
and misattributing causation. Items were administered to 362 participants and statistical analyses yielded the 54-item Angry
Cognitions Scale (ACS). Evidence supporting the construct validity of the ACS was demonstrated through relationships with
the experience and expression/control of anger, hostile thoughts, anger consequences, depression and anxiety, and other measures
of positive and negative cognitions. 相似文献
979.
Kathleen A. Moore M. Scott Young John M. Weir Ezra Ochshorn 《Contemporary Family Therapy》2007,29(3):129-145
Increasing evidence indicates that adolescent behavior problems are related to family functioning. In general, findings have
demonstrated the family’s critical role in facilitating developmental outcomes. This study evaluated a 6-week holistic program
for at-risk teens and their parents entitled Creating a Responsible Thinker at baseline, post-test, and 3-month follow-up.
Results demonstrated gender differences in the program’s effects on self-efficacy, specifically increased self-efficacy for
females and reduced self-efficacy among males. Follow-up results suggested that teens reported better communication with their
parents. These results underscore the appropriateness of a family-based approach to treatment for at-risk teens and their
parents. 相似文献
980.
From Nonhuman to Human Mind: What Changed and Why? 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Brian Hare 《Current directions in psychological science》2007,16(2):60-64
ABSTRACT— Two questions regarding the human mind challenge evolutionary theory: (a) What features of human psychology have changed since humans' lineage split from that of the other apes such as chimpanzees and bonobos? And (b) what was the process by which such derived psychological features evolved (e.g., what were the selection pressures)? I review some of the latest research on chimpanzee and canine psychology that allows inferences to be made regarding these questions. 相似文献