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91.
Treatment adherence is relevant for clinical and economic outcome in affective disorders as well as psychosis. Knowledge concerning the disease and its treatment might influence patients' willingness to follow the health‐care providers' recommendations and mutual decision‐making. In the current study, we investigated how Internet surfing for health‐related issues and attitude toward the relevance of the online information impact treatment adherence in major depressive disorder (MDD) and schizophrenia (SZ). A total of 83 outpatients (59 MDD, 24 SZ) participated in a survey. A multiple linear regression model with “exposure,” “attitude,” “diagnosis,” and their interaction as regressors was significant predictive of medication‐adherence rating scores, R2 = .179; 95% CI [0.00, 0.32]. In the MDD group only, more extended exposure to Internet surfing for health‐related issues and attribution of higher personal relevance were associated with poorer medication adherence at a statistical trend level, p = .060 and p = .077, respectively. In both groups, being female as well as higher age and intelligence were associated with favorable adherence, p = .003, p = .044, and p = .039, respectively. Considering the limitations (e.g., small sample size), our findings add to previously published data contributing to a better understanding of how Internet use may impact treatment adherence in MDD and schizophrenia. 相似文献
92.
Brett D. Wilkinson Michelle Saltis John A. Dewell 《The Journal of Humanistic Counseling》2020,59(1):54-70
The authors examine how the cognitive complexity domains of differentiation and integration are uniquely cultivated by constructivist and phenomenological teaching practices, respectively. Implications are explored in terms of reflective practices and proposed phenomenological activities that support concept deconstruction and empathy development as a means to grow integrative complexity. 相似文献
93.
Kirby Hockensmith;Jennifer M. Ragsdale;Rose Fonseca; 《Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology》2024,97(3):1129-1147
Examining the implications of excessive work demands on employee well-being is an important research area of occupational health psychology. Recovery during nonwork time has been emphasized as an important process for mitigating the negative implications of excessive work demands. However, this notion ignores the potential for nonwork activities to be comparably demanding to work activities. There has been a lack of attention paid to the potentially complex interrelationships between work and nonwork demands. Using the effort–recovery and challenge–hindrance stressor models, we developed a set of hypotheses for both the positive and negative implications of the interplay between employee work and nonwork cognitive demands. We collected information on cognitive workweek job demands (Friday) and nonwork cognitive weekend demands (Sunday) from a sample of workers (N = 146), and we used polynomial regression with response surface analysis to examine how different aspects of work–nonwork cognitive demand (in)congruence related to Monday work engagement. In general, higher cognitive workweek job demands promoted work engagement, even when nonwork cognitive demands were equally high. Cognitive demand incongruence that favoured higher cognitive work demands was also beneficial for employee work engagement. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed, along with directions for future research in this area. 相似文献
94.
Julie N. Y. Zhu;Long W. Lam;Yolanda Na Li;Maggie Q. Shao; 《Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology》2024,97(4):1550-1571
Pro-group unethical behaviour (PGUB) refers to a set of behaviours that conflict with moral standards but are beneficial to the interests of an actor's workgroup. Drawing on social cognitive theory, this research investigates whether, how, and when perceived co-worker PGUB leads employees to engage in the same unethical behaviour. We propose that moral disengagement is a crucial mechanism through which PGUB is transmitted from co-workers to employees and that this relationship is further amplified by employees' group identification. The results of three field studies featuring different samples consistently highlight the mediating role of moral disengagement in the relationship between perceived co-worker PGUB and employee PGUB. Furthermore, employees who identify strongly with their workgroup are more likely to exhibit moral disengagement and learn their co-workers' PGUB than are employees with low group identification. The findings of this research provide insights for both theory and practice. 相似文献
95.
无礼行为在工作场所中广泛存在, 但由于其强度低、意图模糊等特征, 从而使组织很难有效地甄别、预防或控制它。在总结工作场所无礼行为已有研究成果的基础上, 笔者展开了下列三方面的工作:首先, 厘清无礼行为与其他相关不良行为的概念边界; 其次, 梳理了工作场所无礼行为的相关理论模型的发展进程, 主要介绍情绪认知评价理论模型、情感事件理论模型和无礼行为的情绪反应模型; 最后, 基于目前研究存在的问题和不足, 主张建构一个以认知和情绪反应为中介, 以社会文化、人格和组织因素为调节变量的无礼行为的模型, 并建议未来的研究运用纵向实验设计的方法来确定各变量之间的因果走向, 以求进一步丰富、完善和深化无礼行为的发展机制模型。 相似文献
96.
在回顾自我建构理论发展脉络的基础之上, 介绍了特质性自我建构的测量和情境性自我建构的激活方法, 并从自我建构的性别与文化差异以及自我建构与认知风格、社会比较、人际交往、个人自主、自我调控的关系等几方面概述了该领域现状。该领域研究的进一步推进依赖于自我建构理论基本思想的完善、测查工具的改进以及研究者能否用辩证视角看待变量间关系。特质性自我建构对个体稳定的个性心理特征以及适应状况的影响, 特质性自我建构个体差异的影响因素应在未来研究中得到重视。 相似文献
97.
98.
注意定势转移任务(attentional set-shifting task, AST)可用于特异性检测啮齿类动物前额叶皮层及其皮层下神经通路介导的认知灵活性, 是目前研究认知灵活性及其障碍神经基础的重要模型。本研究系统调查了大鼠种系和检测程序差异对AST结果的影响。通过比较Wistar和Sprague Dawley (SD)两个种系大鼠在七阶段和五阶段两种AST检测程序中的认知表现, 研究发现:(1) SD和Wistar大鼠前额叶认知功能存在差异, 后者的总体认知表现优于前者。尤其是Wistar大鼠在逆反学习阶段的达标训练次数及错误率显著低于SD大鼠, 表明Wistar大鼠具有更高的策略转换灵活性。(2)在AST测试中逆反学习和外维度定势转移是认知灵活性评价的核心指标。这两种认知转换过程分别以前期策略和注意定势建立为基础。结果显示在两种AST检测程序中Wistar和SD大鼠在逆反学习和/或外维度定势转移等复杂学习阶段的达标训练次数和错误率均高于其它简单关联学习阶段, 表明在目前实验条件下大鼠均表现出定势形成和转换困难的反应模式, 不同认知反应间的结构关系具有稳定性。这些结果提示大鼠前额叶皮质介导的认知灵活性存在种系差异, AST各阶段认知反应间的结构效度不受目前使用的大鼠种系和检测程序差异的影响, 扩展了对AST模型的认识。 相似文献
99.
自上世纪七十年代以来,随着视觉词汇加工领域的研究,多词素词的认知加工引起了研究者的广泛关注。文章对三十年来的研究进行综述和系统梳理,重点讨论词素在多词素词认知加工中的作用。虽然对词素加工的本质 (形或义的激活)仍未达成共识,但词素语义能否在多词素词加工的早期阶段得到激活已成为现今研究的焦点问题之一。相关研究大致可分为三个对立阶段:分解论与整体论之争、词素形式论与语义论之争、先形后义激活论与形义同时激活论之争。本文最后指出该研究领域尚未解决的问题并对未来研究进行了展望。 相似文献
100.
《心理学报》2024,57(1)
节俭心态是一种广泛存在的思维模式, 但以往研究对其如何影响个体心理和行为仍知之甚少。基于6项研究和1个补充性元分析, 文章揭示了“羊毛薅尽口味乏”的现象、解释机制及边界条件。具体而言, 研究1通过分析来自美国大型外卖平台GRUBHUB的二手数据, 发现节俭心态与食物口味好评率呈负相关关系; 研究2通过模拟外卖点餐情景验证了节俭心态对预期享受的负面影响; 研究3以试吃活动的名义开展了一项实地实验, 证实了节俭心态削弱了个体对巧克力的预期享受, 并导致在吃完巧克力后整体评价更低; 研究4验证了认知资源耗竭在节俭心态对果蔬沙拉预期享受的影响中发挥中介作用; 研究5则识别了获利成本的边界条件, 即当获利成本较高时, 节俭心态对蛋糕预期享受的消极影响更明显; 研究6进一步为缓解这种负面效应提供了一种干预手段, 即当施以正念干预时, 节俭心态对火锅预期享受的消极影响被削弱。最后, 单文章元分析证实了节俭心态对食物预期享受和体验评估的效应稳健。文章不仅丰富和拓展了节俭心态和认知资源相关的理论研究, 同时为食物营销和饮食福祉提供实践启示。 相似文献