基于可达阵的一种Q矩阵标定方法

Q矩阵标定是实施认知诊断评估的前提,已有Q矩阵修正方法并不太适合测验中已知属性向量的题目数较少的情形。根据拓展Q矩阵理论中可达阵R列与简化Q阵列存在布尔“或”关系,在一定认知假设下,率先提出可达阵R与简化Q阵的潜在反应列存在布尔“与”关系,并由此提出基于可达阵的Q矩阵标定方法。研究显示：在已知一个可达阵下,当可达阵项目的猜测或失误参数在.20以下且待标定项目的项目参数约在.30以下时,新方法所得Q矩阵元素返真率基本在.90以上,并且真实Q矩阵与估计Q矩阵下被试分类准确率差异很小;对于含5个属性的独立结构,新方法要求的随机样本的样本量较小;实证研究也印证了模拟研究的结论。新方法只需专家标定少量题目的Q矩阵,即已经标定的Q矩阵对应属性层级结构的可达阵。     

Cognitive and personality determinants of safe driving performance in professional drivers

Large truck and bus crashes still cause a high rate of fatalities and costs. Considering that the human factor plays an important role it is obvious that there is great interest in predicting safe driving performance in professional drivers, especially with new technologies emerging to assist drivers. This study uses a modern theoretical framework to assess which psychometric tests are still able to predict safe driving performance in today’s professional drivers under these new circumstances.126 male professional bus drivers completed a standardized digital test battery and three driving exercises. The test battery was used to assess reaction time, concentration, ability to gain an overview, reactive stress tolerance, logical reasoning, and safety-related personality traits. The exercises consisted of an on-road driving test, an obstacle course, and a maneuvering course.The study yielded satisfactory indicators of criterion related validity. It also showed that different tests were relevant for the prediction of safe driving performance in different driving exercises. Contrary to previous research, logical reasoning showed significant effects. The results indicate that in order to assess safe driving performance in professional drivers, a comprehensive assessment with psychometric tests should be recommended.     

Falling into language life: a montage of pre‐faces in search of a text‐ual body

Clinical work, as all of consciousness, is steeped in and emerges out of language. Language is the medium of our knowing, and knowing the medium of our relating. Language has us; words dream us. For the mythical Navajo as for John of the New Testament, in the Beginning was the Word. Before any kind of distinction of thought, feeling, sensation or intuition comes language – language, not as ‘just words’, but as image. Words are images, and images as encompassing worlds present themselves as and through language. As a determinant of identity, language undermines all cues as to individual subjectivity, Yahweh's ‘I am here’ rendering time and place relative, and subjectivity co‐constituted. This paper is a meditation on language for clinicians in the form that language presents itself, as a meandering flow of consciousness with associations and signposts leading onward.     

Note on lexicographic‐order preservation and stochastic dominance

This note concerns two issues left unresolved in our study of lexicographic‐order preservation and stochastic dominance in settings where preferences are represented by utility vectors, ordered lexicographically, and judgements emerge as matrices that premultiply utility vectors in expected utility sums. First, a generalization of the ‘Conjecture Σ’, which implied transitivity of a stochastic dominance relation under non‐vacuous resolution‐level information, is proved. Second, this paper comments on using resolution‐level information in higher as well as in first degree stochastic dominance analysis. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Several programming models with unascertained parameters and their applications

Several programming models are introduced with the consideration of available unascertained information. In this case, the so‐called unascertained information is some numerical values whose ranges are known but their exact values are not. These models resolve several vital weaknesses of the traditional programming methods to a certain degree. Our study includes considerations of linear and non‐linear programming models with grey parameters, grey 0–1 programming, and satisfactory and quasi‐optimal solutions of grey linear programmings. Finally, some practical applications are given in order to test the applicability of our theory. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

羟苯磺酸钙与培哚普利对早期糖尿病肾病大鼠的治疗作用比较

观察羟苯磺酸钙和培哚普利对早期糖尿病肾病大鼠肾脏的治疗作用的差别。测定24h尿白蛋白,血浆及肾皮质ET（内皮素,endothelin）含量,肾皮质PAI-1（纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1,plasminogen activator inhibitor-1）、MMP-9（基质金属蛋白酶-9,matrix metalloproteinase-9）表达,观察肾脏病理形态变化。从结果看,羟苯磺酸钙可以减轻实验大鼠肾脏损伤,作用与培哚普利无明显差别。     

Generative time telling in adults with disabilities: A matrix training approach

Matrix training is a teaching strategy designed to facilitate generative responding through a process termed recombinative generalization. A skill that has yet to be addressed with matrix training is tacting time increments. Given the two‐component features of time telling (i.e., hours and minutes) and the numerous teaching targets, matrix training was implemented for such behavior with two adults with developmental disabilities. This study used a 12 × 12 matrix that consisted of 144 time increments. Participants were taught 12 time increments, and probes were conducted to assess the remaining 132 untrained time increments. The participants responded correctly to approximately 50% of the untrained time increments during the post‐assessment phase. Limitations and future research are discussed.     

五阶幻方与易数系统

五阶幻方与洛书一样,蕴含着丰富的易理思想。从五阶幻方的均衡和谐布局的数字结构中．我们可以分别找到太极、阴阳、四象、五行、八卦、天干地支、河图洛书及其关系的巧妙体现。我们从这里综合地思考易数系统,可能产生一个更广阔而深刻的认识空间。     

Jeanine Thweatt-Bates. Cyborg Selves: A Theological Anthropology of the Posthuman

Abstract

Of all the research programs investigating radical life extension, cybernetic immortality is, by definition, the most ambitious. Several models fall within this category. While some include the possibility of “re-corporealizing” either as machine, biological entity, or hybrid, all models have several essentials in common. They require the ability to construct a non-biological (e.g., electronic) substrate that can model the functioning human brain, including the ability for consciousness (self-awareness) and a means for uploading into this artificial mind the contents of one's mortal life experiences. The individuals who have speculated most comprehensively on this include Ted Chu, Raymond Kurzweil, and Martine Rothblatt.¹1 Relevant books include: Ted Chu, Human Purpose and Transhuman Potential: A Cosmic Vision for Our Future Evolution (San Rafael, CA: Origin Press, 2014); Michio Kaku, The Future of the Mind: The Scientific Quest to Understand, Enhance, and Empower the Mind (New York: Doubleday, 2014); Ray Kurzweil, How to Create a Mind: The Secret of Human Thought Revealed (London: Penguin, 2013); Martine Rothblatt, Virtually Human: The Promise and the Peril of Digital Immortality (New York: St. Martin's Press, 2014).     

Evaluating Ethical Tools

This article reviews suggestions for how ethical tools are to be evaluated and argues that the concept of ethical soundness as presented by Kaiser et al. (2007) is unhelpful. Instead, it suggests that the quality of an ethical tool is determined by how well it achieves its assigned purpose(s). Those are different for different tools, and the article suggests a categorization of such tools into three groups. For all ethical tools, it identifies comprehensiveness and user‐friendliness as crucial. For tools that have reaching a decision in a democratic context as a main purpose, it identifies transparency, guiding users toward a decision and justification of the decision‐supporting mechanism. For tools that aim to engage the public, it identifies procedural fairness as essential. It also notes that the scope of use for ethical tools is limited to the same moral community, and that this feature is frequently overlooked.