肝癌基础研究如何向临床转化

肝癌基础研究在过去数十年取得了长足的进步,而肝癌临床研究则相对滞后,二者间存在巨大的反差。如何将基因组时代发现的大量有重要意义的基础研究成果及时有效地转化为临床可用的技术方法,以进一步提高肝癌治疗效果是亟待解决的难题。转化医学研究为其搭建了一条重要桥梁。     

继发性的高血压线索来自于基本的临床检查

继发性高血压病因的检出和针对病因的治疗,不仅可以提高高血压的治愈率和控制率,有利于保护靶器官,还可以极大程度地减少医疗资源的浪费。基本的临床检查,如血、尿常规,血浆电解质,血糖,血脂,血尿酸和血清肌酐,可以为继发性高血压的诊断提供重要的线索。     

Sibling relationship quality in early adolescence: child and maternal perceptions and daily interactions

Correspondence between child and maternal perceptions of sibling relationship quality (standards, actual ratings, problems) and children's reports of daily interactions were assessed in 40 early adolescent children (M age=11.5 yrs) and their mothers (n=32). Children completed the Sibling Relationship Questionnaire (Furman & Buhrmester, 1985. Child Development, 56, 448–461) and Daily Checklist ratings of sibling interactions for 14 days. Mothers completed the Parental Expectations and Perceptions of Children's Sibling Relationship Questionnaire (Kramer & Baron, 1995. Family Relations, 44, 95–103). Overall, findings revealed correspondence between child perceptions of sibling warmth and maternal ratings of standards, actual ratings, and problems in sibling warmth but not conflict and rivalry. Maternal and child perceptions of sibling relationship qualities were positively associated with children's reports of ongoing interactions. Finally, regression analyses identified unique maternal and child correlates for both happy and prosocial daily interactions. Findings are discussed in light of recent research and theory on family dynamics. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The relationship between basic need satisfaction and emotional eating in obesity

Emotional eating has been identified as a factor that promotes the development and maintenance of obesity and hinders its treatment. This study investigated the relationship between unsatisfied basic needs and emotional eating, including the mediating factors of self‐esteem and coping strategies. The results from a survey of 136 obese individuals indicated support for a significant relationship between basic need satisfaction and emotional eating, with a mediating effect of negative coping strategies. These findings extend previous research and provide guidance on how to help individuals who engage in emotional eating by focusing on developing more adaptive coping strategies.     

The workable here and now and the why of there and then

At an earlier time our work as analysts was easier. We searched for the repressed in order to make constructions that connected the past to the present symptoms. Making these connections conscious, based upon the continuing influence of the Topographic theory, was thought to be the curative factor in psychoanalysis. Freud (1912, 1914) briefly expressed the importance of working in the present but his main focus remained the importance of reconstructing the past. The importance of working in the present started to be fully articulated approximately 30 years ago, and has become a central part of most views on technique. However, it is the contention of this paper that, while there is general agreement on the necessity of working in the here and now, the understanding of what this means or why it is useful runs along parallel lines rather than leading to a central point. Further, it is my impression there is little agreement on the reasons for interpreting the there and then. The idea of a 'workable here and now' is introduced to capture how the here and now might best include the analysand's readiness to synthesize what is offered, while a theory of the necessity for working in the here and now and the there and then is offered.     

预防导尿管相关性感染的临床问题及决策

留置导尿是一项侵袭性操作,易引起尿道黏膜损伤,且留置导尿时间过长,容易引起泌尿系统的逆行感染。为了预防导尿管相关性感染,我们从临床角度讨论是否需要更换一次性尿袋以及更换尿袋的时间,留置导尿尿道外口的清洗,留置导尿膀胱冲洗的必要性及是否应用抗生素,更换导尿管的时间及导尿管的选择等临床问题,为临床人员做该项操作时提供参考,做出正确的临床决策。     

急性冠脉综合征患者合并抑郁障碍对生存质量的影响

为了了解急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者合并抑郁障碍的现状及其对生存质量(QOL)的影响,对104名ACS患者应用一般情况调查表、HAD(d)、SF-36进行调查。结果显示31.73%的ACS患者合并抑郁障碍;ACS伴抑郁障碍SF-36各因子分均低于不伴抑郁障碍;HAD(d)总分与SF-36各因子分均呈负相关。因此ACS患者是抑郁障碍的易感人群,且抑郁障碍可降低ACS患者的QOL。     

外科医生人文素质培养的探讨

随着社会发展和医学模式的转变,患者对身心健康及医学人文服务的需求也越来越高。在临床治疗过程中,外科医生不仅要具有广泛高深的医学专业知识和丰富的临床经验,而且要具有良好的人文素质。提高外科医生的人文素质对于减少医患纠纷及构建和谐医患关系具有重要的现实意义。本文就外科医生的人文素质培养方面谈谈几点体会。     

鼻咽癌治疗方法的比较

鼻咽癌是我国南方省市最常见的头颈恶性肿瘤,放疗为其首选治疗方案,但患者五年生存率仍然不高。本文阅读国内外对鼻咽癌多种治疗方案的报道,结合湘雅医院、湘雅二医院对鼻咽癌某些治疗方案,通过分析对比不同治疗方案的疗效、患者生存质量及费用,讨论该病的最佳治疗方案,以期能在目前条件下提高鼻咽癌患者的治疗效果及生存质量。     

我国临床药学发展史的回顾及展望

临床药学是一门近几十年发展起来的新兴学科,是近年来我国一个备受关注的领域。它的产生及在我国的发展经历了一个曲折的过程,但却是历史发展的必然结果。纵观整个出现发展过程及现状,让我们思考了很多,对其今后的发展以及我们科学的认识事物有很好的启示。