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981.
Theories of mind draw on processes that represent mental states and their computational connections; simulation, in addition, draws on processes that replicate (Heal 1986) a sequence of mental states. Moreover, mental simulation can be triggered by input from imagination instead of real perceptions.
To avoid confusion between mental states concerning reality and those created in simulation, imagined contents must be quarantined.
Goldman bypasses this problem by giving pretend states a special role to play in simulation (Goldman 2006). We argue that this path leads to the resurgence of the threat of collapse (Davies 1994), diluting the principled distinction between simulation and theory use. Exploration of a related method of real-mental states
operating in a pretend mode leads to a factually untenable model. Our main goal here is to raise this problem as a challenge
for Goldman’s reconfigured simulation theory. Only at the end we will briefly sketch a possible alternative way of quarantine
that preserves the replicative element of simulation and avoids collapse. Figure 1 provides a guide to our argument.
Fig. 1 Structure of argument
相似文献
Josef PernerEmail: |
982.
This study examined whether training using a nonverbal auditory-visual matching task had a remedial effect on reading skills in developmental dyslexia. The pretest/post-test design was used with Swedish children ( N = 41), between the ages of 7 and 12. Training comprised twice-weekly sessions of 15 minutes, over eight weeks. There was an improvement in auditory-visual matching during the training period. There were also improvements in some reading test scores, especially in reading nonsense words and in reading speed. These improvements in tasks which are thought to rely on phonological processing suggest that such reading difficulties in dyslexia may stem in part from more basic perceptual difficulties, including those required to manage the visual and auditory components of the decoding task. The utility of the concept of auditory structuring is discussed in relation to auditory and phonological processing skills when a child learns to read. 相似文献
983.
Graham Wood 《Sophia》2009,48(2):195-210
Within the Cognitive Science of Religion, Justin Barrett has proposed that humans possess a hyperactive agency detection device that was selected for in our evolutionary past because ‘over detecting’ (as opposed to ‘under detecting’) the existence of
a predator conferred a survival advantage. Within the Intelligent Design debate, William Dembski has proposed the law of small probability, which states that specified events of small probability do not occur by chance. Within the Fine-Tuning debate, John Leslie
has asserted a tidiness principle such that, if we can think of a good explanation for some state of affairs, then an explanation is needed for that state
of affairs. In this paper I examine similarities between these three proposals and suggest that they can all be explained
with reference to the existence of an explanation attribution module in the human mind. The forgoing analysis is considered with reference to a contrast between classical rationality and what Gerd Gigerenzer and others have called ecological rationality.
相似文献
Graham WoodEmail: |
984.
Dr Peter H. Langford 《Australian journal of psychology》2009,61(4):185-198
This study presents evidence supporting the psychometric properties of the Voice Climate Survey: an employee opinion survey that measures work practices and outcomes. The tool is tested across 13,729 employees from 1,279 business units representing approximately 1,000 organisations. Exploratory factor analyses, confirmatory factor analyses and internal reliability analyses support 31 lower‐order work practices and outcomes that aggregate into seven higher‐order work systems broadly covering practices and outcomes such as organisational direction, ethics, resources, involvement, recognition, development, teamwork, wellness, work/life balance, change management, customer satisfaction, job satisfaction, organisational commitment and employees' intention to stay. External validation of the tool is demonstrated by linking scores from the employee survey with independent manager reports of turnover, absenteeism, productivity, health and safety, goal attainment, financial performance, change management, innovation and customer satisfaction. 相似文献
985.
Hilde Eileen Nafstad Rolv Mikkel Blakar Erik Carlquist Joshua Marvle Phelps Kim Rand-Hendriksen 《American journal of community psychology》2009,43(1-2):162-175
A longitudinal analysis (1984–2005) of media language in Norway is presented, demonstrating how the current globalized capitalist market ideology is now permeating this long-established Scandinavian welfare state. This ideological shift carries powerful implications for community psychology, as traditional welfare state values of equal services based on a universalistic principle are set aside, and social and material inequalities are increasingly accepted. The methodology developed in the present study may serve as a “barometer of community changes”, to borrow a metaphor used by Sarason (2000). 相似文献
986.
Jacqueline S. Mattis Wizdom Powell Hammond Nyasha Grayman Meredith Bonacci William Brennan Sheri-Ann Cowie Lina Ladyzhenskaya Sara So 《American journal of community psychology》2009,43(1-2):71-84
Contemporary social science paints a bleak picture of inner-city relational life. Indeed, the relationships of low-income, urban-residing Americans are represented as rife with distress, violence and family disruption. At present, no body of social scientific work systematically examines the factors that promote loving or selfless interactions among low-income, inner-city American individuals, families and communities. In an effort to fill that gap, this ethnographic study examined the motivations for altruism among a sample of adults (n = 40) who reside in an economically distressed housing community (i.e., housing project) in New York City. Content analyses of interviews indicated that participants attributed altruism to an interplay between 14 motives that were then ordered into four overarching categories of motives: (1) needs-centered motives, (2) norm-based motives deriving from religious/spiritual ideology, relationships and personal factors, (3) abstract motives (e.g., humanism), and (4) sociopolitical factors. The implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
987.
988.
复杂性哲学和复杂性研究为科学研究开辟了一条蹊径,使得人们能够以一种全新的、复杂性的视角来重新认识他们所“熟知、熟悉”的人类世界。复杂性理论的世界观为当前心理学的转向提供了理论支持,而且它的一些具体的研究方法如“黑箱”的方法以及功能模拟方法已经在心理学研究中体现出其价值。可以说,复杂性理论为心理学摆脱当前困境及实现整合开启了一扇光明之门。 相似文献
989.
Wade E. Pickren 《Psychological studies》2009,54(2):87-95
This article argues for the development of a historical perspective to help understand the process of indigenization in psychology.
The indigenization of psychology in both the United States and India is shown to be part of larger social, economic, and political
processes. A center and periphery model of knowledge production and praxes is deployed to show how practices of scientific
imperialism are used to maintain the hegemony of the center. It is argued that historical approaches may be useful to challenge
and counter such practices. Finally, the authors call for a polycentric history of psychology that will correspond to the
emerging polycentrism exemplified in indigenous psychologies. 相似文献
990.
This article offers a framework for collaborative family-centered practice that can reinvigorate our work with families who have not responded to more traditional approaches. Collaborative Helping is grounded in family-centered principles that include: striving for cultural curiosity, believing in resourcefulness, working in partnership, and making our work more accountable to the clients we serve. The article introduces collaborative inquiry as an organizing metaphor for clinical practice and offers a five-step practice framework with clinical illustrations and sample questions. The framework draws from appreciative inquiry, motivational interviewing, the signs of safety approach to child protection work, and solution-focused and narrative therapies. 相似文献