产前超声检查的相关伦理学思考

超声检查是产前诊断的一项主要检查技术,应坚持将患者的利益放在首位的原则,并且在检查前充分告知孕妇超声检查的安全性及局限性。对知情同意、人工流产及性别鉴定等伦理问题进行了分析。医生应告知孕妇胎儿的异常情况。以便其做出决定。     

急性心肌梗死治疗的临床试验分析

急性心肌梗死是冠心病中的危重症,病死率高。为在现有基础上进一步降低病死率,临床开展了众多针对各治疗策略的大型试验研究。在分析这些临床试验的基础上,从提高梗死血管开通率、改善心肌微循环灌注、挽救心肌和休克治疗四个方面综述了各种治疗策略的优势及不足,以期对临床治疗方案的选择起到借鉴作用。     

Respect and Membership in the Moral Community

Some philosophers object that Kant’s respect cannot express mutual recognition because it is an attitude owed to persons in virtue of an abstract notion of autonomy and invite us to integrate the vocabulary of respect with other persons-concepts or to replace it with a social conception of recognition. This paper argues for a dialogical interpretation of respect as the key-mode of recognition of membership in the moral community. This interpretation highlights the relational and practical nature of respect, and accounts for its governing role over other persons-regarding concepts.

Sacrifices,Aspirations and Morality: Williams Reconsidered

When a person gives up an end of crucial importance to her in order to promote a moral aim, we regard her as having made a moral sacrifice. The paper analyzes these sacrifices in light of some of Bernard Williams’ objections to Kantian and Utilitarian accounts of them. Williams argues that an implausible consequence of these theories is that that we are expected to sacrifice projects that make our lives worth living and contribute to our integrity. Williams’ arguments about integrity and meaning are shown to be unconvincing when the content of projects is left open. However, a look at his later arguments suggests a reason to be concerned about defensible ethical projects as understood through what he refers to as “the morality system”. The problem for theories of this type turns out to be not merely conflicts between ethical projects and moral demands but making sense of some of the ethically relevant features of these projects. Accommodations to moral theories that leave room for ethical projects may be insufficient to explain such features, for example in cases where agents demand more of themselves than the theories require. Making the theories more demanding is also problematic. Williams’ view about the role ethics plays in our conception of the life we want to lead provides a better account of these cases.

Ethics Education in our Colleges and Universities: A Positive Role for Accounting Practitioners

In this research, we review the current level of ethics education prior to college and the emphasis of the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) on business ethics education in college using an ‘across the curriculum’ approach. We suggest that business schools and accounting practitioners can forge a more meaningful partnership than what currently exists through the traditional business advisory council prevalent at most schools of business. Ethical conduct is inherent in the practice of public accounting and a hallmark of the accounting profession. Accounting practitioners can play a significant and positive role in helping business schools to reexamine their obligations to society and their students by actively engaging in the exchange of views by academics on the necessity for ethics education as well as those of professional accounting bodies.¹

MAIMONIDES ON KINGSHIPThe Ethics of Imperial Humility

In his adoption of the Maimonidean guidelines for extreme humility, the king acts as the supreme existential model for imitatio dei. Imperial governance, when filtered through the prism of Maimonidean humility, results in a regime that most closely resembles a divine one. Using those who occupy the very bottom of the social and political hierarchy (slaves and orphans) as models, the king projects his own sense of “lowliness” to the people. The king thereby promotes their sense of autonomy, and inhibits any anthropocentrism that would be fostered if he were to be viewed as an autocrat. His administration of the royal office is limited by the ethical and philosophical dictates of humility, thereby offering a window into the distinction between its common (anivut) and extreme (shefal ruah) manifestations. Maimonides does in fact define the parameters of this extraordinary humility, but he chooses to do so within the context of a distinct and concrete personality—that of the king.     

急性胰腺炎临床决策中的辩证思维观

急性胰腺炎（AP）是临床常见危重症。近年来AP诊断和治疗取得了令人瞩目的进展,及早诊断和恰当、合理的生命支持治疗极大改善了AP患者的预后。临床上AP患者病情往往复杂多变,要求在极短时间内做出正确的临床决策,科学理性的临床决策思维对AP患者的合理诊治起着非常重要的指导作用。临床医师应努力学习和充分灵活地运用辩证思维,为对AP进行科学的临床诊疗决策提供合理的思路。     

护理学专业学位硕士研究生临床实践体验研究

采用质性研究中的现象学研究方法,对来自全国各地10所院校的12名护理学专业学位研究生进行半结构式深度访谈。通过对录音访谈内容进行三级编码,逐步归纳提炼出三个主题,每个主题下涵盖不同的副主题：（1）临床实践获益感方面：提升核心能力、体现自身价值;（2）心理体验：归属感、失落感;（3）影响临床实践效果的瓶颈因素：缺乏明确的临床能力考评标准、临床带教师资队伍薄弱。因此,教育者和管理者应重视专业学位硕士研究生,晦床核心能力培养,构建一个充满人文关怀的临床实习环境,消除瓶颈因素,以提高其临床实践效果。     

The Texas Advanced Directive Law: Unfinished Business

The Texas Advance Directive Act allows physicians and hospitals to overrule patient or family requests for futile care. Purposefully not defining futility, the law leaves its determination in specific cases to an institutional process. While the law has received several criticisms, it does seem to work constructively in the cases that come to the review process. We introduce a new criticism: While the law has been justified by an appeal to professional values such as avoiding harm to patients, avoiding the provision of unseemly care, and good stewardship of medical resources, it is applied incompletely. It allows physicians and institutional committees to refuse “futile” treatments desired by patients and families while at the same time providing no way of regulating physicians who recommend or even push “futile” treatments in similar cases. In this sense, the TADA is incomplete on its own terms.