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561.
Elizabeth A. Padawer Joy M. Jacobs-Lawson Douglas A. Hershey David G. Thomas 《Current Psychology》2007,26(2):102-108
The present investigation examined the relationships between five demographic variables (age, sex, income, marital status,
and education) and future time perspective. From a theoretical perspective, these demographic indicators were conceptualized
as proxy measures for the social forces that influence the adult expression of this personality dimension. Data were drawn
from six investigations in which a brief measure of future time perspective (Hershey and Mowen in The Gerontologist 40:687–697,
2000) had been administered to one thousand four hundred and ninety eight individuals. Higher future time perspective scores
(i.e., longer future orientations) were associated with being male, increased age, income, and educational level. These main
effects, however, were mitigated by a significant three-way interaction among sex, age, and level of education. These findings
suggest that a complex interplay of variables is responsible for the expression of personality traits at the individual level. 相似文献
562.
Chimpanzee’s perspective-taking abilities are currently disputed. Here we show that in some food competition contexts, subordinate
chimpanzees do take the visual perspective of dominant individuals, preferentially targeting a hidden piece of the food that
the dominant cannot see over a piece that is visible to both individuals. However, the space where the animals compete is
critical in determining whether subjects demonstrate this skill. We suggest that competition intensity, as mediated by these
spatial factors, may play an important role in determining the strategy chimpanzees utilize in competitive contexts. Since
some strategies may not require visual perspective taking in order to be successful, chimpanzees may not always demonstrate
this skill. Differences in spatial arrangement may therefore account for the conflicting results of past studies. 相似文献
563.
564.
很多发展心理学家探讨了早期经验与心理行为发展的关系,但这些发展心理学家较少以进化理论为指导来探讨不同发展阶段的心理行为特点。比如,配偶选择、性交往与父母教养等成果颇丰的研究领域均缺少以进化理论为基础的理论解释。与主流的发展心理学研究不同,Draper和Harpending (1982),Ellis (2004),Chisholm (1996) 和Belsky等(1991)以进化理论为基础探讨了早期经验与繁衍策略对儿童心理行为发展的影响。进化观点认为儿童在家庭中获得的早期经验会影响身体发育与未来的繁衍策略。Ellis(2004)已经证实女性青春期确实与早期家庭经验有关 相似文献
565.
TILMANN HABERMAS 《The International journal of psycho-analysis》2006,87(2):497-518
In this paper, the author aims to substantiate Freud's claim that neurotic illness creates gaps in autobiographical narratives in terms of the narrator's stating and inducing perspectives. He sketches out the role of narrative perspective and the joint taking of a shared perspective by analyst and patient in psychoanalytic therapy. He introduces four ways of representing perspectives in narratives. Three degrees of narrative distortion are exemplifi ed by three excerpts from life narratives and explored in terms of narrative perspective representation. The most comprehensive perspective representation is achieved in the fi rst example by explicitly stating the present perspective of the narrator as well as the past perspective of the story's protagonist by use of mental verbs. In the second narrative, exclusive use of linguistic forms for inducing the protagonist's perspective both overwhelms the narrator and gives the listener an incomplete picture of what happened. Inconsistent motives, denial of responsibility and omission of detail render the third narrative even more diffi cult to follow. The author discusses the clinical signifi cance of this exploratory analysis of perspectives in narratives in terms of claiming responsibility for one's past action and of level of defence mechanisms, and by highlighting the emotional impact on listeners, which the author suggests is the stronger the more perspectives are left out. He discusses analogies to countertransference. The analysis of narrative perspectives offers an approach for systematic research in psychoanalytic practice. 相似文献
566.
Ryan Bergstrom Adel C. Najdowski Marisela Alvarado Jonathan Tarbox 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2016,49(2):405-410
This study used a nonconcurrent multiple baseline across participants design to evaluate the use of rules, role‐play, and feedback for teaching 3 children with autism spectrum disorder to tell socially appropriate lies when (a) presented with an undesired gift and (b) someone's appearance changed in an undesired way. The intervention was effective in teaching use of socially appropriate lies, and generalization to untrained people and gifts or appearances was observed. 相似文献
567.
568.
以283名高中学生为被试,通过问卷调查的方式,探讨了亲子依恋对高中生生命意义感的影响,以及同伴依恋和时间洞察力在亲子依恋与生命意义感间的中介作用。结果表明:(1)亲子依恋、同伴依恋、时间洞察力与生命意义感两两间存在显著正相关;(2)同伴依恋与时间洞察力在亲子依恋与生命意义感之间起中介作用。即亲子依恋既可以直接影响高中生生命意义感,也可以通过时间洞察力和同伴依恋的中介作用间接影响高中生生命意义感。本研究揭示了亲子依恋与高中生生命意义感的关系及其作用机制,拓展了生命意义感的影响因素,为高中生生命教育提供了重要的理论依据。 相似文献
569.
本研究采用不同参照语境下的面孔情绪评定任务,使用事件相关电位技术,考察了自我参照、母亲参照及他人参照对面孔情绪知觉加工的影响。行为结果显示,与他人参照相比,在自我参照与母亲参照的消极语境中的面孔被认为更消极,积极语境中的面孔被认为更积极。ERP的结果显示,相比他人参照,自我参照与母亲参照都能诱发更大的EPN波幅;自我参照与母亲参照对EPN和LPP波幅的影响差异并不显著。这些研究结果表明,自我参照和母亲参照在面孔情绪知觉上具有一致性,本研究从他人面孔情绪加工的角度为中国人的自我结构中包含"母亲"成分提供了进一步的证据。 相似文献
570.
古人喜取<周易>命名,这一现象一些学者曾加以注意,但未作深入研究.本文对<中国文学家大辞典>采用穷尽式的数理统计,探求出<坤>、<乾>等16卦为常用卦,其卦彖辞、二五爻辞及<文言>等为常用爻,进而推索卦爻取舍背后所隐藏的价值取向与哲理内涵,提出并考察援<易>取名之宋前少宋后多这一现象. 相似文献