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41.
Howard S. Hoffman Michelle E. Cohen Carol J. Devido 《Infant behavior & development》1985,8(3):247-254
In a classical conditioning procedure an eyeblink-eliciting tap to the glabella (the flat region of skin between the eyebrows) was presented 500 ms after the onset of a mild l-kHz tone. As tone-tap presentations proceeded, the probability of an eyeblink during the latter part of the tone increased in both infants (median age 8 months) and adults, but the infants were slower to condition than the adults and were more variable. Overall, the latency of the conditioned response to tone was significantly longer for infants than for adults, but the latency of the unconditioned response to tap was significantly shorter for infants than for adults. 相似文献
42.
Ulrich Hoyer 《Journal for General Philosophy of Science》1991,22(1):173-175
On the Theory of the Lorentz transformations. A ReplyThe author defends the notion of absolute time and classical kinematics in special relativity against various objections raised against his theory of the Lorentz transformations. 相似文献
43.
Regina M. Sullivan 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》2001,36(4):293-307
The central nervous system of altricial infants is specialized for optimizing attachments to their caregiver. During the first
postnatal days, infant rats show a sensitive period for learning and particularly susceptible to learning an attraction to
their mother’s odor. Classical conditioning appears to underlie this learning that is expressed behaviorally as anincreased ability to acquire odor preferences and a decreased ability to acquire odor aversions. Specifically, in neonatal rats, pairing an odor with moderately painful shock (0.5mA) or milk produces a subsequent relativepreference for that odor. The neural circuitry supporting theincreased ability to acquire odor preferences appears to be the heightened functioning of the noradrenergic pontine nucleus locus coeruleus. Indeed, norepinephrine from
the locus coeruleus appears to be both necessary and sufficient for learning during the sensitive period. On the other hand,
thedecreased ability to acquire odor aversions seems to be due to the lack of participation of the amygdala in at least some aversive learning situations. The site of plasticity
in the pup’s brain appears to be limited to the olfactory bulb. This neonatal sensitive period for learning ends around postnatal
day 9–10, at which time pups make the transition from crawling to walking and classical conditioning becomes “adultlike”.
The neonatal behavioral and neural induced changes are retained into adulthood where it modifies sexual behavior. 相似文献
44.
WANG Chengbing 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2022,17(1):61
William James is one of the first philosophers with significant international influence in the history of American philosophy. James played an extremely important role in the emergence and development of American pragmatism, striving to show cultural self-confidence and pursuing the localization as well as independence of philosophy in the development of America. It is of great importance to further study James’s philosophy in the context of contemporary academics. Academia should value the collection, editing, translation and research of the philosophical classics of James and important literatures, pay attention to the clues of development and academic trends of the important concepts and ideas of James’s pragmatism philosophy, and rethink the status and influence of James’s philosophy in modern Western philosophy, trying to carry out comparative studies between James’s philosophy and traditional Chinese philosophy. 相似文献
45.
46.
Ming Hsiung 《Journal of Philosophical Logic》2008,37(4):299-317
By introducing the intensional mappings and their properties, we establish a new semantical approach of characterizing intermediate
logics. First prove that this new approach provides a general method of characterizing and comparing logics without changing
the semantical interpretation of implication connective. Then show that it is adequate to characterize all Kripke_complete
intermediate logics by showing that each of these logics is sound and complete with respect to its (unique) ‘weakest characterization
property’ of intensional mappings. In particular, we show that classical logic has the weakest characterization property , which is the strongest among all possible weakest characterization properties of intermediate logics. Finally, it follows
from this result that a translation is an embedding of classical logic into intuitionistic logic, iff. its semantical counterpart
has the property .
相似文献
47.
WANG Wenfang 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2013,8(1):156
The traditional way to filter out the implausible candidate solutions to the semantic paradoxes is to appeal to the so-called “cost/benefit analyses.” Yet it is often tedious and controversial to carry out such analyses in detail. Facing this, it would be helpful for us to rely upon some principles to filter out at least something, if not everything, from them. The proposal in this paper is thereby rather simple: We may use principles of compositionality as a “filter” for this purpose. The paper has four sections. In Section 2, the author uses the filter to examine Kripke’s fixed-point theory and to thereby show how it works. In Section 3, the author gives more examples from the classical theories of truth to demonstrate the power of the filter. In Section 4, the author addresses the skepticism concerning whether there is any consistent or non-trivial theory of truth that can survive this filtering procedure. A “nearly sufficient” condition for a theory of truth to survive this test is discussed in order to show that at least some consistent or non-trivial theories of truth do indeed survive the filtering procedure. 相似文献
48.
古典自由主义经济理论所建构的经济模式 ,实质上是一种“逻辑一致的理想的客观经济模型”。这一模型通过排除经济行为主体的伦理动机和市场经济运行中的非本质因素 ,同时促进了经济的增长和道德贫困 ,导致了两难选择的伦理困境。因此 ,必须变革古典自由主义经济的基础 ,用“生活的逻辑”置换“资本的逻辑” ,依据“生活的逻辑”保持经济增长与人类美好生活之间合理的伦理张力 ,从而走出古典自由主义经济的伦理困境。 相似文献
49.
In July of 2002 Knut Larsson celebrated his 80th birthday. He could by then have looked back at a long and distingusihed career in the field of biological psychology. His research on sexual behavior had contributed to a basic understanding of many behavioral, endocrine and neural phenomena associated with or underlying sexual activity. Instead of looking back at his past achievements, Knut has preferred to look forward, constantly trying to find ways to stimulate interest in his own field and in biological psychology in general. This issue is a humble contribution to the noble end of enhancing the standing of biological psychology, particularly in Scandinavia. Foremost, however, it is a homage to a man of outstanding vision and intellectual integrity: Knut Larsson. 相似文献
50.