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91.
Mathew N. Schmalz 《Teaching Theology & Religion》2006,9(1):29-36
Abstract. This note from the classroom explores teaching new or alternative religions within the context of a Roman Catholic Liberal Arts College. The essay will specifically focus on a section of a course entitled “Modern Religious Movements” in which students were asked to consider different methodological approaches to the teaching and study of Scientology and the Catholic cult of the Virgin Mary. This note from the classroom details how this rather unexpected comparison prompted students to reconsider the category cult and argues that encouraging self‐reflexivity in a largely Catholic classroom can become a crucial means for engaging a broader discussion of new religions, cult discourse, and the academic study of religion itself. 相似文献
92.
This study aimed to describe the distribution of positive psychosis symptoms in a large scale, population-based sample. Data from the British Psychiatric Morbidity Survey was used to examine homogeneous sub-types of participants based on their responses to the five probe items of the Psychosis Screening Questionnaire. Latent class analysis was used to identify the underlying class structure of psychosis. Four classes of psychosis were identified. Associations between the latent classes and the demographic risk factors, clinical variables and reports of traumatic experiences showed significantly higher risks for the psychosis class, the paranoid class, and the intermediate class compared to the normative class. Four classes that appeared to represent an underlying continuum could best explain psychosis symptom expression at the population level. 相似文献
93.
Hofmann SG 《Behaviour research and therapy》2007,45(9):1987-2001
Combining an effective psychological treatment with conventional anxiolytic medication is typically not more effective than unimodal therapy for treating anxiety disorders. However, recent advances in the neuroscience of fear reduction have led to novel approaches for combining psychological therapy and pharmacological agents. Exposure-based treatments in humans partly rely on extinction to reduce the fear response in anxiety disorders. Animal studies have shown that D-cycloserine (DCS), a partial agonist at the glycine recognition site of the glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor facilitates extinction learning. Similarly, recent human trials have shown that DCS enhances fear reduction during exposure therapy of some anxiety disorders. This article discusses the biological and psychological mechanisms of extinction learning and the therapeutic value of DCS as an augmentation strategy for exposure therapy. Areas of future research will be identified. 相似文献
94.
In contrast to Shultz and Takane [Shultz, T.R., & Takane, Y. (2007). Rule following and rule use in the balance-scale task. Cognition, in press, doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2006.12.004.] we do not accept that the traditional Rule Assessment Method (RAM) of scoring responses on the balance scale task has advantages over latent class analysis (LCA): RAM is similar to a very restricted form of LCA. The apparent shortcomings of LCA are also less severe than they suggest. Via new simulations we show that LCA detects small classes reliably. We also counter their concerns regarding the torque difference effect and we underline the problems connectionist models have with correctly responding to balance items. Despite these differences in opinion we agree with Shultz and Takane on the possible avenues for future research. 相似文献
95.
Daphna Oyserman Ayse K. Uskul Nicholas Yoder Randy M. Nesse David R. Williams 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2007,43(3):505-512
Ample correlational evidence exists that perceived unfair treatment is negatively related to well-being, health, and goal striving but the underlying process is unclear. We hypothesized that effects are due in part to contextual priming of prevention focus and the negative consequences of chronic prevention-focused vigilance. Indeed, reasonable responses to unfair treatment—to avoid situations in which it occurs or if this is not possible, confront it head on—fit prevention self-regulatory focus response patterns. Results from three experiments support this notion. Priming stigmatized social category membership heightened students’ prevention (not promotion) focus (n = 117). Priming non-stigmatized social category membership (i.e., white) did not change prevention focus (n = 46). Priming prevention (not promotion) increased perceptions of unfair treatment (and aroused prevention-relevant fight or flight responses) in response to a negative ambiguous job situation among low and moderate income adults (n = 112). 相似文献
96.
Two experiments were conducted to investigate generalized imitation of manual gestures in 1- to 2-year-old infants. In Experiment 1, 6 infants were first trained four baseline matching relations (e.g., when instructed "Do this", to raise their arms after they saw the experimenter do so). Next, four novel gestures that the infants did not match in probe trials were selected as target behaviors during generalized imitation Test 1; models of these gestures were presented on unreinforced matching trials interspersed with intermittently reinforced baseline matching trials. None of the infants matched the target behaviors. To ensure that these behaviors were in the infants' motor skills repertoires, the infants were next trained to produce them, at least once, under stimulus control that did not include an antecedent model of the target behavior. In repeat generalized imitation trials (Test 2), the infants again failed to match the target behaviors. Five infants (3 from Experiment 1) participated in Experiment 2, which was identical to Experiment 1 except that, following generalized imitation Test 1, the motor-skills training was implemented to a higher criterion (21 responses per target behavior), and in a multiple-baseline, across-target-behaviors procedure. In the final generalized imitation test, 1 infant matched one, and another infant matched two target behaviors; the remaining 17 target behaviors still were not matched. The results did not provide convincing evidence of generalized imitation, even though baseline matching was well maintained and the target behaviors were in the infants' motor skills repertoires, raising the question of what are the conditions that reliably give rise to generalized imitation. 相似文献
97.
Michael Cholbi 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2007,10(4):323-334
Philosophers have harbored doubts about the possibility of moral expertise since Plato. I argue that irrespective of whether
moral experts exist, identifying who those experts are is insurmountable because of the credentials problem: Moral experts have no need to seek out others’ moral expertise, but moral non-experts lack sufficient knowledge to determine
whether the advice provided by a putative moral expert in response to complex moral situations is correct and hence whether
an individual is a bone fide expert. Traditional accounts of moral expertise require that moral experts give reliably correct
moral advice supported by adequate justification, an account which, I argue, is too lean in allowing for the possibility of
a moral expert who is motivationally indifferent to her own moral judgments and advice. Yet even if the proposition that a
moral expert is an individual who provides reliably correct moral advice supported by adequate justification and is necessarily motivated by that advice exhausts the necessary and sufficient conditions for moral expertise, this proposition
cannot function as an applicable criterion for non-experts to use in appraising would-be experts’ claims to expertise. The
credentials problem thus remains unanswered.
相似文献
Michael CholbiEmail: |
98.
Priv.-Doz. Dr. Klaus-Peter Dahle 《Forensische Psychiatrie, Psychologie, Kriminologie》2007,1(2):101-110
Zusammenfassung
Gesetzestexte sehen bei bestimmten strafrechtlichen Entscheidungen die Unterstützung des Richters durch Prognosegutachter
vor. Ihre Aufgabe ist es, die Rechtsentscheidung in ihren prognostischen Aspekten auf eine rationale, wissenschaftlich fundierte
Grundlage zu stellen. Methodisch lassen sich dabei wissenschaftlich fundierte Prognosen auf unterschiedlichen Wegen erstellen.
Der eine Weg beruht auf empirisch gesicherten Erfahrungen über die Rückf?lligkeit von T?tern und über die die Rückfallwahrscheinlichkeit
beeinflussenden Tat- und T?termerkmale. Prognosemethoden nach diesem Modell bemühen sich, diese Erfahrungen auch für individualprognostische
Zwecke nutzbar zu machen. Der andere Weg führt über eine systematische retrospektive Analyse der individuellen Ursachen der
bisherigen Delinquenz des T?ters und schreibt diese individuellen Bezüge prognostisch fort. Prognosemethoden nach diesem Modell
bemühen sich vor allem, den erforderlichen Urteilsbildungsprozess zu systematisieren und eine hinreichende Beurteilungsgrundlage
zu gew?hrleisten. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt beide Ans?tze in ihren methodischen Grundzügen und wissenschaftlichen Bew?hrungen
vor und diskutiert ihre jeweiligen Vorzüge und Begrenzungen im Kontext der Mindestanforderungen für Prognosegutachten im Strafrecht.
相似文献
99.
miriam cooke 《Contemporary Islam》2007,1(2):139-154
In the 6 years that have elapsed since the events of 9/11 Muslims have become the Other and veiled Muslim women have become
their visible representatives. Standing in for their communities, they have attracted international media attention. So intertwined
are gender and religion that they have become one. I have coined the term the Muslimwoman to describe this erasure of diversity.
Some women reject this label. Others use it to empower themselves and even to subvert the identification. In the process they
are constructing a new kind of cosmopolitanism. This essay asks how women can derive agency from an ascribed identity that
posits their invisibility and silence.
相似文献
miriam cookeEmail: |
100.
Francesco Bartolucci 《Psychometrika》2007,72(2):141-157
We illustrate a class of multidimensional item response theory models in which the items are allowed to have different discriminating
power and the latent traits are represented through a vector having a discrete distribution. We also show how the hypothesis
of unidimensionality may be tested against a specific bidimensional alternative by using a likelihood ratio statistic between
two nested models in this class. For this aim, we also derive an asymptotically equivalent Wald test statistic which is faster
to compute. Moreover, we propose a hierarchical clustering algorithm which can be used, when the dimensionality of the latent
structure is completely unknown, for dividing items into groups referred to different latent traits. The approach is illustrated
through a simulation study and an application to a dataset collected within the National Assessment of Educational Progress,
1996.
The author would like to thank the Editor, an Associate Editor and three anonymous referees for stimulating comments. I also
thank L. Scaccia, F. Pennoni and M. Lupparelli for having done part of the simulations. 相似文献