康德实践理性的事实概念及其对自由的证明

康德实践理性的事实概念指的是道德律或道德律的意识,而道德律本身实际上是道德律的意识。道德律是某种自身肯定的东西,它作为事实肯定了纯粹实践理性的客观实在性,并通过理性的这一积极的概念,证明了它自身在实践上的客观实在性。正是通过道德律这一事实,在思辨哲学那里只具有消极性的自由的原因性的概念,在实践哲学中获得了积极的规定,也成为了一个“事实”。     

论卫生法的部门法属性

卫生法学者关于卫生法是一个独立部门法的理论存在缺陷,难以得到广泛的认同;从社会法的属性及其起源和发展历程来看,卫生法应属于社会法的范畴;从卫生法自身的特点、立法发展状况以及该领域现存的社会危机来看,卫生法是社会法领域为应对现实的社会危机而实现其内容扩张和功能勃兴的独立部门法。     

MUSLIM PERSPECTIVES ON STEM CELL RESEARCH AND CLONING

In Islam, the acquisition of knowledge is a form of worship. But human achievement must be exercised in conformity with God's will. Warnings against feelings of superiority often are coupled with the command to remain within the confines of God's laws and limits. Because of the fear of arrogance and disregard of the balance created by God, any new knowledge or discovery must be applied with careful consideration to maintaining balance in the creation. Knowledge must be applied to ascertain equity and justice for all of humanity. Research in Islam must be linked to the broad ethical base set forth in the Qur'an and the Sunnah. Whether embryonic stem cell research or cloning is ethically acceptable in Islam depends on the benefits derived from such applications. What is most important for the scholars is to adhere to the concepts of compassion, mercy, and benefit to everyone.     

罚款对城市居民个人用水行为的影响

以城市居民用水两难情景为实验任务,探讨了处罚（罚款）对城市居民个人用水行为的影响。结果表明：相对只是对违规的个体进行处罚的方式,个体一群体其他成员处罚的方式更能约束人们的不良行为发生相对于现行水价标准,5．4元的超水高额处罚标准很可能是人们的一个心理接受节点,高于该金额的水费处罚标准人们可能将难以接受。     

Constructing the law: discourses and social practices

This paper presents an analysis of everyday understandings of the law, within the context of a dispute between colonial and indigenous land interests in New Zealand. The analysis is informed by developments in the areas of critical legal studies, methodological critique of legal psychology, the social constructionist movement within social psychology, and the application of discursive psychology to understandings of racism. Data for this work was drawn from a corpus of letters to the editor of a newspaper, published in the city where the land dispute took place. Writers constructed the dispute as a legal issue and deployed two divergent constructions of the law. When the ‘primacy’ of the law was invoked, indigenous interests and the protesters were positioned as lawbreakers. When ‘the law in context’ was the resource used, protesters became positioned as seekers of justice. These variable constructions are discussed in terms of the social practices they engender and their wider contribution to debates regarding indigenous and colonial interests. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

从手术签字审视医疗活动中道德与法律之冲突

手术签字不应成为实施手术的必要条件,手术治疗及其他医疗活动中道德与法律之冲突有其产生的理论和现实根源,其实质是利益冲突。合情不合法与合法不合情是道德与法律冲突的两种具体情形。单纯的道德谴责或责任追究无助于,中突的解决,完善法律、提升道德、调适利益是避免及减少冲突的有效途径。     

非法人体试验行为的刑法规制

非法人体试验行为具有严重的社会危害性,而现行刑法又无法全面进行规制,致使该行为得不到公正的处理,影响了刑法预防犯罪目标的实现。根据犯罪化所应当具备的社会危害性、刑法谦让性原则等条件以及国际立法经验,建议刑法修正后增加非法人体试验罪,并参照非法行医罪的法定刑进行刑罚设置。     

中医学认识规律研究论纲——破译中医特殊性的认识论原因

中医学是特殊的认识成果,在其认识发生发展的过程中,必然存在特殊的认识论原因,也一定存在可循的规律。从认识对象、实践活动、主体认识结构和认识建构过程对中医学特殊认识进行了比较系统的分析和论述,力图揭示出中医学的认识论原因和规律。     

患者隐私杈的法学思考

结合法学理论、医疗实践和目前患者隐私权的法律保护现状,就侵权行为、民事责任的认定以及隐私权的限制等问题予以理论阐释,并提出了切实可行的保护措施,如建立健全相关法律法规、医务人员要增强法律保护意识等,以期为患者隐私权的保护提供有益的参考。     

Systematic covariation of the parameters in the near-miss to Weber's law, pointing to a new law

The exponent in the power function modeling of the near-miss to Weber's law is known to depend on several experimental factors, such as tone frequency and the presence or absence of noise. This paper presents data that confirm a theoretical argument that the near-miss exponent also depends on the definition of ‘just-noticeably different’ used empirically. Intensity discrimination data were collected for pure, 1000-Hz tones presented in quiet. Referent sound pressure levels ranged from 40 to 80 dB SPL in 10-dB steps. For each referent, the tone judged louder than the referent with probability equal to ν was determined, with ν ranging from 0.16 to 0.84. It was found that the power function exponent decreases monotonically with ν. Moreover, it was found that the two power law parameters co-vary systematically with ν, implying a submodel that has an interesting fixed-point property.