风险情景中不同成就动机者的冒险行为特征

采用计算机模拟和问卷的方法,研究不同成就动机的个体在动态情境下的冒险行为。结合成就动机的静态与动态理论,考察具有不同程度的成就动机个体在动态环境中的行为差异。结果发现,在动态情境的初期,可以看到不同成就动机的被试有稳定的偏好：成就动机高的个体偏爱中等难度的任务,成就动机低的个体偏爱较易或者是较难难度的任务;随着行为的动态进行,个体的冒险行为呈现出与静态情境中不同的规律性：成就动机高的个体在初期选择的中等难度的基础上逐渐选择更难的任务;成就动机低的个体在初期选择较易难度任务的基础上也逐渐选择更难的任务;相对于成就动机低的个体,成就动机高的个体会更慢地选择难度高的任务;高成就动机个体出现非典型转换次数显著低于低成就动机的个体。     

同性恋者的内化同性恋嫌恶：形成及影响机制

内化同性恋嫌恶是同性恋者经历对外界偏见的内化过程后,所形成的对自身性取向的负性态度。本文在回顾和分析内化同性恋嫌恶形成及影响机制相关研究的基础上,尝试提出整合性的内化同性恋嫌恶形成/影响机制假设模型。最后,本文提出进一步验证和发展内化同性恋嫌恶形成/影响机制模型、考察缓解内化同性恋嫌恶影响的保护因素及加强内化同性恋嫌恶的本土化研究是未来的研究方向。     

Leading the Way on Diversity: Community Psychology's Evolution from Invisible to Individual to Contextual

To take up the AJCP editor's call to think forward in this article, I offer up three challenges that revolve around further contextualizing our understandings of diversity, i.e., reconsidering the notion of “difference” between discrete categories; more fully emphasizing diversity as socially situated; and further delving into local, setting‐specific practices that shape the meanings of diversity. Enhanced attention to these three challenges can transform theory, research, and action about diversity as we move into community psychology's next 50 years.     

Wilson on Circular Arguments

This paper criticizes Kent Wilson's (`Circular Arguments', 1988) arguments against the analysis of the fallacy of begging the question in epistemic terms and against the division of the fallacy into equivalence and dependency types. It is argued that Wilson does not succeed in showing that the epistemic attitude to the fallacy analysis should be given up. Further, it is argued that Wilson's arguments against the division of the fallacy into two types can be overcome by altering the accounts he criticizes (David Sanford (1971, 1984, 1988) and John Biro (1977, 1984)): fallacy analysis should concentrate on externalized arguments, but this does not mean that either the epistemic attitude or the dependency conception should be given up.     

Univariate repeated measures techniques applied to multivariate data

Repeated measures designs in psychology have traditionally been analyzed by the univariate mixed model approach, in which the repeated measures effect is tested against an error term based on the subject by treatment interaction. This paper considers the extension of this analysis to designs in which the individual repeated measures are multivariate. Sufficient conditions for a valid multivariate mixed model analysis are given, and a test is described to determine whether or not given data satisfy these conditions.     

A significance test for multisample sphericity

The paper obtains a maximum likelihood criterion test for multisample sphericity. The test contains Mauchly's sphericity test as a special case.I would like to thank Professor R. E. Bargmann for his most valuable help.     

Coping with a Paraphrenic World in Late Life

This study deals with late paraphrenia from a psychological coping perspective. Analyses of coping behavior in relation to paraphrenic delusions and hallucinations revealed rational choices of coping efforts and generally consistent emotional reactions to the subjectively perceived problem. The majority of the patients did not display evidence of premorbid abnormal personalities or life courses. The creation and sustainment of psychotic thoughts are discussed in relation to lack of correcting social feedback due to social isolation and weakened cognitive source monitoring. The implications of a psychological coping perspective for intervention are indicated.     

System and flexibility in law

Usually, rhetoric is supposed to provide a model of law which describes legal interactions as volitive, arbitrary, and void of any system. However, the Mainz School, founded by Theodor Viehweg, proves the contrary: without referring to any metaphysics, such as consensus or auditoire universel, it seeks to discover the systematic character and the more or less flexible structures of legal rhetoric.     

‘Additive difference’ models without additivity and subtractivity

This paper studies conjoint measurement models tolerating intransitivities that closely resemble Tversky's additive difference model while replacing additivity and subtractivity by mere decomposability requirements. We offer a complete axiomatic characterisation of these models without having recourse to unnecessary structural assumptions on the set of objects. This shows the pure consequences of several cancellation conditions that have often been used in the analysis of more traditional conjoint measurement models. Our models contain as particular cases many aggregation rules that have been proposed in the literature.