INFLUENCING CHILDREN'S PREGAMBLING GAME PLAYING VIA CONDITIONAL DISCRIMINATION TRAINING

Past research has demonstrated a transformation of stimulus functions under similar conditions using gambling tasks and adults (e.g., Zlomke & Dixon, 2006), and the present study attempted to extend this research. Experimenters exposed 7 children (ages 7 to 10 years) to a simulated board game with concurrently available dice differing only by color. Following initial exposure to the game, participants were trained to discriminate between two contextual cues representing the relational frames of more than and less than. Following the training procedure, experimenters reexposed participants to the simulated board game. Six of the 7 participants demonstrated an increased preference toward the die with the color that had been paired with more than during the conditional discrimination training.     

Effects of time-based administration of abstinence reinforcement targeting opiate and cocaine use

Polydrug use is a common problem among patients in opioid-substitution treatment. Polydrug use has been reduced by administering abstinence-reinforcement contingencies in a sequence, such that a single drug is targeted until abstinence is achieved, and then an additional drug is targeted. The present study examined effects of administering abstinence-reinforcement contingencies sequentially based on time rather than on achieved abstinence. Participants accessed paid work (about $10/hr maximum) in the Therapeutic Workplace by providing urine samples 3 times per week. The urine samples were tested for opiates and cocaine. During an induction period, participants earned maximum pay independent of drug abstinence. Then, maximum pay depended upon urine samples that were negative for opiates. Two weeks later, maximum pay depended upon urine samples that were negative for both opiates and cocaine. Opiate and cocaine abstinence increased following administration of the respective contingencies. The time-based administration of abstinence reinforcement increased opiate and cocaine abstinence.     

Investigating Psychometric Properties of Social Media Addiction Measures Among Adolescents

Assessment has a long history in counseling, with scholars noting multiple benefits to using assessment instruments in determining client strengths and needs as well as establishing relevant treatment goals. However, when counselors use unreliable or invalid instruments, they gather results that are ill equipped to inform clinical decision-making. Consequently, we evaluated and compared the psychometric properties of three scales of social media addiction—the Social Media Disorder Scale (van den Eijnden et al., 2016), the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (Andreassen et al., 2012, 2016), and the Social Media Addiction Scale (Al-Menayes, 2015)—to inform clinical use. Adolescents (N = 440) between the ages of 13 and 19 completed the scales. Results indicated that each scale provides a reliable and valid measurement of problematic social media use or addiction among adolescents. We provide recommendations for choosing a social media assessment and for future research.     

内容和形式对毒品成瘾者条件推理的影响

本研究通过比较推理内容与推理形式对毒品成瘾者推理成绩的影响,以探究影响毒品成瘾者能力成绩的主要内在机制。实验采用了2(四卡片形式vs选择项形式)×2(描述性规则vs社会契约规则)混合设计,以240名男性戒毒人员为研究对象,考察他们在不同推理内容与不同推理形式下的条件推理作业成绩。结果发现:(1)就规则内容来看,描述性规则内容在选择项形式上的得分好于四卡片形式,社会契约规则内容在两种呈现形式下的成绩没有显著差异;(2)就规则呈现形式来看,四卡片形式下的描述性规则得分显著地低于社会契约规则得分; 选择项形式下两类规则内容得分无显著差异。结果表明:毒品成瘾者的条件推理行为既受到推理内容的影响,也受到逻辑规则呈现形式的影响。     

Use of Film in Undergraduate Human Services: Understanding the Addiction and Recovery Process

ABSTRACT

Steady growth of the addiction field requires human service education programs to prepare competent professionals who can successfully engage in addiction practice. Competency in addiction practice requires human service students to develop an objective understanding of the relapse prevention and recovery process. Though research supports the use of media tools in the classroom, its use in developing addiction intervention competencies in human service students is unknown. The authors present an exploration of the film 28 Days as an addiction recovery teaching tool and discuss students’ understanding of recovery and relapse prevention. Implications for addiction and human service education are also presented.     

大学生压力性生活事件与网络游戏成瘾的关系:一个有调节的中介模型

为探究大学生压力性生活事件与网络游戏成瘾的关系以及基本心理需要满足、领悟社会支持在二者关系中的作用,采用大学生网络游戏成瘾量表、青少年生活事件量表、中文版基本心理需要问卷和领悟社会支持量表,对617名大学生进行调查.结果发现,压力性生活事件与网络游戏成瘾显著正相关.基本心理需要满足在压力性生活事件与网络游戏成瘾之间起部...     

网络成瘾病理心理机制及综合心理干预研究

针对中国青少年网络成瘾问题,综合运用心理测评、深度访谈、脑事件相关电位、心率变异性等多层面的心理学研究方法,系统、深入研究网络问题的成因、病理心理机制、评估方法及心理干预方法等多项课题。依据得到的人群调查数据、网络成瘾者的心理测量结果、脑电与心电的生理心理学数据,同时结合临床干预疗效评估,提出研究结论：（1）使用谱系概念对中国青少年网络使用问题进行分型,并制定分型标准与评估方法;（2）从青少年心理发展角度分析了网络成瘾的形成原因,提出“失补偿”假说揭示网络成瘾形成过程;（3）提出“注意功能易化机制”从脑功能水平揭示网络“成瘾”病理心理机制;（4）制定“系统补偿综合心理干预”方案,包括团体、家庭、个体及家长干预等多项心理治疗方案,在临床研究中取得了良好实效     

青少年“网络成瘾”干预的实证基础

随着互联网在中国的快速普及和发展, 青少年已经成为主要的互联网用户群体之一。青少年在享用互联网带来的种种便利之时, 其中部分人因为过分沉溺于网络而导致“网络成瘾”。我们根据青少年发展过程中的心理特点, 探讨了其自我中心思维、自我、依恋、人格、生活事件等多方面因素与其网络成瘾之间的关系, 在这些研究发现的基础上开发了青少年网络成瘾的评价工具、提出了针对网络成瘾的干预建议。同时, 我们还在实证研究的基础上对青少年健康上网的界定和评判进行了分析。     

友伴网络结构与中学生的吸烟行为

运用社会网络理论和分析技术考察友伴网络结构与中学生吸烟行为的关系。被试选自北京两所中学1091名初一至高三学生,要求他们最多提名10名友伴,并报告自己及其友伴的吸烟行为。然后,使用NEGOPY社会网络分析软件对中学生的友伴网络结构进行分析。研究结果表明,中学生的友伴网络结构存在团体成员、团体联系者和孤立者三种类型,团体成员所占比例超过团体联系者和孤立者,但随年级升高,团体成员有下降趋势。此外,团体成员的吸烟率显著低于孤立者和团体联系者,即使排除性别、年龄和学校类型的影响后,友伴网络结构与中学生的吸烟行为仍然有非常明显的关系。     

School and individual factors on game addiction: A multilevel analysis

This study investigated the protective or risk factors of game addiction at individual and school-level using multilevel modelling. Data from Korea Children and Youth Panel Survey was used for the analyses. The findings revealed that individual-level variables, including gender, delinquency, family intimacy, stress, self-esteem and self-control, were significant predictors of game addiction. Furthermore, protective school climate contributed to decreasing the level of game addiction and risky school climates positively predicted game addiction. The effect of individual-level variables on game addiction was different depending on the type or level of school-level variables. Based on the findings, implications and suggestions for future studies were discussed.