Post-training amphetamine administration enhances memory consolidation in appetitive Pavlovian conditioning: Implications for drug addiction

It has been suggested that some of the addictive potential of psychostimulant drugs of abuse such as amphetamine may result from their ability to enhance memory for drug-related experiences through actions on memory consolidation. This experiment examined whether amphetamine can specifically enhance consolidation of memory for a Pavlovian association between a neutral conditioned stimulus (CS-a light) and a rewarding unconditioned stimulus (US-food), as Pavlovian conditioning of this sort plays a major role in drug addiction. Male Long-Evans rats were given six training sessions consisting of 8 CS presentations followed by delivery of the food into a recessed food cup. After the 1st, 3rd, and 5th session, rats received subcutaneous injections of amphetamine (1.0 or 2.0 mg/kg) or saline vehicle immediately following training. Conditioned responding was assessed using the percentage of time rats spent in the food cup during the CS relative to a pre-CS baseline period. Both amphetamine-treated groups showed significantly more selective conditioned responding than saline controls. In a control experiment, there were no differences among groups given saline, 1.0 or 2.0 mg/kg amphetamine 2 h post-training, suggesting that immediate post-training amphetamine enhanced performance specifically through actions on memory consolidation rather than through non-mnemonic processes. This procedure modeled Pavlovian learning involved in drug addiction, in which the emotional valence of a drug reward is transferred to neutral drug-predictive stimuli such as drug paraphernalia. These data suggest that amphetamine may contribute to its addictive potential through actions specifically on memory consolidation.     

An exploration of factors contributing to multicultural counseling self-efficacy in addiction counselors

A non-experimental, correlational survey design was used to explore relationships between counselor recovery status, training, and counselor demographic variables on multicultural counseling self-efficacy in addiction counselors (N = 283) using the Multicultural Counseling Self-Efficacy – Racial Diversity Form. A multiple-indicators and multiple-causes model analysis indicated significant differences based on race, multicultural education, and CACREP program attendance on multicultural counseling self-efficacy. Implications from this study and recommendations for future research are discussed.     

Exploring adolescent social media and internet gaming addiction: The role of emotion regulation

Behavioral addictions such as social media addiction and internet gaming disorder are prevalent among adolescent populations. Although studies have investigated predictors of these addictive behaviors with international samples of adolescents, less is known about American adolescents. In this study, we investigated the predictive nature of emotion regulation after controlling for age, gender, and race with regard to social media addiction and internet gaming disorder severity. Results indicate that gender and emotion regulation significantly predicted both forms of behavioral addictions with small to moderate effects. Specifically, female gender and lower emotion regulation significantly predicted social media addiction and male gender and lower emotion regulation significantly predicted internet gaming disorder severity. Implications for mental health professionals are discussed.     

友伴网络结构与中学生的吸烟行为

运用社会网络理论和分析技术考察友伴网络结构与中学生吸烟行为的关系。被试选自北京两所中学1091名初一至高三学生,要求他们最多提名10名友伴,并报告自己及其友伴的吸烟行为。然后,使用NEGOPY社会网络分析软件对中学生的友伴网络结构进行分析。研究结果表明,中学生的友伴网络结构存在团体成员、团体联系者和孤立者三种类型,团体成员所占比例超过团体联系者和孤立者,但随年级升高,团体成员有下降趋势。此外,团体成员的吸烟率显著低于孤立者和团体联系者,即使排除性别、年龄和学校类型的影响后,友伴网络结构与中学生的吸烟行为仍然有非常明显的关系。     

Internet Addiction: A Logotherapeutic Approach

Internet addiction (IA) is both the most rapidly growing addiction and the least understood addiction ( Watson, 2005 ). For counselors, treatment issues surrounding the disease are also growing. At the forefront is the lack of understanding concerning treatment protocol to manage the challenging recovery and maintenance stages after IA behavior has been controlled. The authors discuss Viktor Frankl's logotherapy as an effective approach to treating IA.     

青少年“网络成瘾”干预的实证基础

随着互联网在中国的快速普及和发展, 青少年已经成为主要的互联网用户群体之一。青少年在享用互联网带来的种种便利之时, 其中部分人因为过分沉溺于网络而导致“网络成瘾”。我们根据青少年发展过程中的心理特点, 探讨了其自我中心思维、自我、依恋、人格、生活事件等多方面因素与其网络成瘾之间的关系, 在这些研究发现的基础上开发了青少年网络成瘾的评价工具、提出了针对网络成瘾的干预建议。同时, 我们还在实证研究的基础上对青少年健康上网的界定和评判进行了分析。     

高校教师工作成瘾与心理健康的关系:倦怠与孤独的作用

该研究通过对7所高校385名教师所做的层级回归分析表明:工作成瘾对高校教师心理健康有显著的负向影响,工作倦怠和孤独感在此影响过程中起着中介和调节作用。工作成瘾会诱发高校教师产生工作倦怠,继而损害其心理健康状况;而相对于低孤独感的个体,高孤独感的高校教师更倾向于从工作成瘾走向工作倦怠。     

青少年留守经历对网络成瘾的影响:病理性互联网使用的认知行为模型视角

基于病理性互联网使用的认知行为模型,本研究考察青少年留守经历对网络成瘾的影响,并检验非适应性认知的中介作用和粗暴养育的调节作用。以525名中学生为被试,采用非适应性认知问卷、粗暴养育问卷和网络成瘾问卷进行测试,结果发现:(1)有留守经历的个体非适应性认知和网络成瘾的程度更高,而且非适应性认知越强,网络成瘾程度越高;(2)留守经历通过非适应性认知的中介作用影响网络成瘾;(3)留守经历对非适应性认知的影响受到粗暴养育的调节。具体而言,经历较多粗暴养育的青少年,留守经历会增加非适应性认知;但是对于经历较少粗暴养育的青少年,留守经历不会对非适应性认知产生影响。本研究的结果表明,青少年留守经历会增强非适应性认知,进而增加网络成瘾的倾向。但是,如果青少年家庭中粗暴养育程度较低,青少年留守经历对非适应性认知的影响就会消失。     

同伴依恋与初中生手机成瘾的关系：有调节的中介效应分析

为明确同伴依恋与手机成瘾的关系及其机制,本研究构建了一个有调节的中介模型,重点考察了消极情绪的中介作用以及独处能力的调节作用。采用问卷法,对729名初中生的同伴依恋、消极情绪、独处能力及手机成瘾的情况进行调查。结果显示:(1)在控制性别、年龄、年级、是否独生、手机使用年限后,同伴依恋对手机成瘾具有显著的负向预测作用;(2)消极情绪在同伴依恋与手机成瘾的关系中起完全中介作用;(3)同伴依恋对手机成瘾的直接作用及消极情绪的中介作用均会受到独处能力的调节。研究结果不仅有利于从依恋理论及客体关系理论的视角理解同伴依恋与手机成瘾的内在机制,而且对引导初中生形成良好人际关系为其心理社会功能服务具有启示意义。