Depression Screening,Assessment, and Treatment for Patients with Coronary Heart Disease: A Review for Psychologists

Depression prevalence is between 15% and 20% in coronary heart disease patients, such as those with angina, or after a myocardial infarction or coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The presence of depression places a coronary heart disease patient at twofold higher risk for further major cardiac events and death, as well as poor quality of life and early exit from the labour force. As a consequence, several learned societies, including the National Heart Foundation of Australia, have published guidelines that recommend questionnaire screening to improve identification and management strategies for depression in coronary heart disease patients. Psychologists in hospitals, community settings, and private practice can have a key role in the realisation of the National Heart Foundation of Australia's aims. We review the recent guidelines and outline implications for psychologists to identify and manage depression in coronary heart disease patients. The evidence reviewed suggests that cognitive‐behavioural therapy and problem‐solving therapy are frontline non‐pharmacological interventions for depression in CHD patients.     

The Premonitory Urge to Tic: Measurement,Characteristics, and Correlates in Older Adolescents and Adults

In addition to motor and/or vocal tics, many individuals with Tourette syndrome (TS) or chronic tic disorder (CTD) report frequent, uncomfortable sensory phenomena that immediately precede the tics. To date, examination of these premonitory sensations or urges has been limited by inconsistent assessment tools. In this paper, we examine the psychometric properties of a nine-item self-report measure, the Premonitory Urge to Tic Scale (PUTS) and examine the characteristics and correlates of the premonitory urge to tic in a clinical sample of 122 older adolescents and adults with TS or CTD. The PUTS demonstrated adequate internal consistency, temporal stability, and concurrent validity. Premonitory urges were endorsed by the majority of individuals. Most individuals reported some relief from the urges after completing a tic and being able to stop their tics even if only temporarily. Degree of premonitory urges was not significantly correlated with age, and we did not observe any gender differences. Degree of premonitory urges was significantly correlated with estimated IQ and tic severity, but not severity of comorbid obsessive–compulsive disorder or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Also, it was not related to concomitant medication status. These findings represent another step forward in our understanding of the premonitory sensations associated with TS and CTD.     

帕金森病诊断标记物系统回顾与展望

本篇综述总结了帕金森病的诊断、鉴别诊断和病程监测的各领域的生物学标记物的研究进展。其中重点介绍了神经影像学和生物化学领域的生物学标记物,也是当前研究较为成熟的两大领域。神经影像学标记物以多巴胺能影像及非多巴胺能影像为代表,生物化学标记物为包括a一突触核蛋白在内的多种蛋白和激素,两者的结合能够有效提高疾病诊断的特异性和灵敏性。同时文章还介绍了当前研究的热点——帕金森病的前驱诊断手段,即在疾病典型的运动症状和非运动症状出现前便可预测帕金森病的诊断手段。     

炎症性肠病的药物治疗现状及进展

炎症性肠病（IBD）病程迁延反复,影响患者生活质量,耗费卫生资源。虽然传统药物如5-氨基水杨酸、糖皮质激素、免疫抑制剂等仍是目前治疗主流,但是大量有关发病机制的研究以及循证医学的发展对IBD的治疗产生了积极的推进作用。IBD的治疗正步入免疫调节的生物学时代,多种新型生物制剂的出现为IBD的治疗提供了新的策略和选择。现就目前IBD药物治疗现状以及最新进展进行综述,以期对临床IBD治疗提供参考。     

Narcotrend监测下右美托咪定对冠心病患者麻醉诱导期血流动力学的影响

观察Narcotrend监测下右美托咪定联合丙泊酚靶控输注用于冠心病患者非心脏手术麻醉诱导时对血流动力学的影响.合并冠心痛行非心脏手术患者40例,随机分为两组：Dex组（n=20,患者在诱导前静脉泵注右美托咪定0.5μg/kg,15min内输注完毕）,对照组（n=20,等量生理盐水,方法同Dex组）.记录给药前后及诱导期间患者的血流动力学变化.对照组在气管插管即刻以及气管插管3min后血流动力学指标值均高于插管前,气管插管5min后平均动脉压（MAP）低于插管前（P＜0.05）,Dex组无明显差异.麻醉诱导前15min静脉注射0.5μg/kg右美托咪定可以使冠心病患者丙泊酚靶控输注诱导期间血流动力学更加平稳.     

阿尔茨海默病的诊治新进展

流行病学数据的更新表明阿尔茨海默病（A D ）已成为全球健康问题。早期应用生物标志物的AD新诊断标准广泛应用和临床试验不断失败的鲜明反差提示AD治疗的艰巨性。AD和其他慢性疾病的共病研究不断深入。生活方式干预作为非药物治疗备受重视。     

应用分子靶向治疗的时机选择

分子靶向药物的出现显示出肿瘤治疗传统模式的重要进展。与传统放疗、化疗相比,分子靶向治疗因其特异性高、不良反应轻微,在恶性肿瘤个体化治疗中扮演重要角色。十五年来,分子靶向药物的出现,给肿瘤的治疗模式带来重大改变,也给临床医生带来新的挑战。准确把握分子靶向药物应用时机,获得最大临床效果,已成为肿瘤治疗领域关注热点。本文就非小细胞肺癌、消化系统肿瘤、乳腺癌、肾癌治疗中分子靶向药物如何选择应用时机进行阐述。     

基层医院实施《诊疗与防控手足口病指南》的困境

探讨实施卫生部所颁发的手足口病诊疗与防控指南存在的难点.通过实践,依据指南,笔者将近几年工作中所遇到处理各种肠道病毒感染病例存在的问题加以分析,列出实施指南存在诸多临床及非临床的影响因素,包括：（1）上报、隔离引起的矛盾;（2）诊断、治疗、转诊引起的矛盾;（3）处理肠道病毒71型（EV71）感染、疱疹性咽峡炎等与手足口病的矛盾.较多的矛盾令基层医院依照目前的指南难以良好地开展工作,期待更完善的指南以及各地医疗主管部门制定切合实际的、可行的、各种具体的防控预案.     

难治性丙型肝炎研究新进展

随着聚乙二醇化干扰素(IFN)的普及应用和慢性丙型肝炎规范化治疗的开展,其治愈率不断提高.但疗效不佳的慢性丙型肝炎患者不断积累,难治性慢性丙型肝炎患者成为临床医生必须面对的挑战.难治性丙型肝炎患者应当分为两类,第一类为“难治疗”性慢性丙型肝炎患者,该类患者由于宿主条件限制,不能耐受IFN联合利巴韦林(RBV)的标准治疗,如儿童和老年人、慢性肾功能衰竭患者等.第二类为“难治愈”性慢性丙型肝炎患者,该类患者可以耐受标准治疗方案,但按照应答指导的治疗原则(RGT)治疗后,效果仍然不佳或复发.本文就近年关于难治性丙型肝炎的研究进展,从难治性丙型肝炎的定义、机制、治疗诸方面作一综述.     

慢性疼痛与抑郁的心身医学整合观

生物医疗观对慢性疼痛患者的诊疗作用较差。慢性疼痛常因为心理应激、个性、行为和疾病状况而复杂化,增加了患者诊疗的难度。患者常因情感症状、生活压力,而失去信心,陷入无助地痛苦选择冲突中。应用一种系统的跨学科方法重建和保持医生的共情和患者的积极心理,采用疾病状态、生活经历、个性特征和行为模式的四种心身整合观点,综合评估抑郁和慢性疼痛患者。设计综合诊疗方案评定的痛苦作用,在方案制定的过程中认识到这四个观点彼此不同,相互补充,全面阐释影响患者痛苦的生物、心理和社会的多种原因。心身整合观点为设计合理的治疗方案提供了方法,提高了医生成功治疗慢性疼痛患者的可行性。