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661.
DEBRA J. Vandervoort Paul P. Divers Colbey Acojido 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2000,19(2):120-128
The present study assessed the relationship between race and physical health in a multicultural sample. When controlling for
a variety of health risk factors, the results revealed a significant relationship between race and recent and chronic physical
symptoms (i.e., minor health problems) as well as past major health problems. Multiracial individuals reported more health
problems than Asians or Caucasians. These findings may reflect the differences in diet and socioeconomic status (SES) as well
as conditions associated with low SES such as decreased likelihood of seeking medical services and a variety of psychosocial
variables. 相似文献
662.
Audrey Thurm Stacy S. Manwaring Cecilia Cardozo Jimenez Lauren Swineford Cristan Farmer Renee Gallo Mika Maeda 《Infant mental health journal》2018,39(5):569-580
Toddlers with language delay are at risk for persistent developmental and behavioral difficulties; however, the association between socioemotional/behavior problems and language in young children is not well understood. This study explored socioemotional/behavior problems in a unique sample of toddlers with language delays using a measure developed explicitly for this age group. Toddlers identified by 18 months with receptive and expressive language delay (LD; n = 30) or typical development (TD; n = 61) were evaluated at 18 and 24 months of age using the Infant‐Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (ITSEA) and the Mullen Scales of Early Learning. Compared to toddlers who had TD, toddlers with LD had significantly more concerning scores at 18 and 24 months on all ITSEA domains. The rate of “clinical concern” on most domains was not high in either group, except that >60% of LD toddlers were in the clinical concern range on the Competence domain. Socioemotional/behavioral problems were dimensionally related to receptive and expressive language, with greater language delay associated with more concerning ITSEA scores. Socioemotional and behavioral problems are related to receptive and expressive language abilities in 18‐ and 24‐month‐olds, indicating the need for screening of both types of concerns in toddlers identified with potential language delays. 相似文献
663.
The present study examined the importance of psychopathy-linked narcissism in predicting proactive and reactive aggression and conduct problems in a group of 160 moderately to highly aggressive children (mean age of 10 years, 9 months). Children's self-report of self-esteem and parent and teacher report of dimensions of psychopathy [narcissism, callous-unemotional (CU) traits, and impulsivity], proactive and reactive aggression, and conduct problems were collected. Composites of parent and teacher ratings of children's behavior were used. Consistent with the study's hypotheses, narcissism predicted unique variance in both proactive and reactive aggression, even when controlling for other dimensions of psychopathy, demographic variables associated with narcissism, and the alternative subtype of aggression. As hypothesized, impulsivity was significantly associated with only reactive aggression. CU traits were not related to proactive or reactive aggression once the control variables were entered. All dimensions of psychopathy predicted unique variance in conduct problems. Consistent with prediction, narcissism was not significantly related to general self-esteem, providing support that narcissism and self-esteem are different constructs. Furthermore, narcissism and self-esteem related differentially to proactive aggression, reactive aggression, and conduct problems. Furthermore, narcissism but not self-esteem accounted for unique variance in aggression and conduct problems. The importance of narcissism in the prediction of aggressive behaviors and clinical implications are discussed. 相似文献
664.
Stormark KM Heiervang E Heimann M Lundervold A Gillberg C 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2008,36(3):411-419
The impact of nonresponse on estimates of mental health problems was examined in a prospective teacher screen in a community
survey of 9,155 7–9 year olds. For 6,611 of the children, parents consented to participation in the actual study (Responders),
while for 2,544 children parental consent was not obtained (Nonresponders). The teacher screen involved assessment of a broad
set of symptoms of mental health problems and functional impairment. Calculations of non-response coefficients, a function
of effect sizes and non-response proportion, revealed only ignorable nonresponse bias for both mean scores and correlations.
However, the results from binary logistic regressions revealed that children ascribed signs of mental health problems by their
teachers were less likely to participate. This was most frequent among children with only moderate symptoms. However, it also
involved children with high symptom scores related to inattention, hyperactivity, emotions and peer relationship problems.
These findings suggest that measures based on effect size can underestimate the magnitude of non-response bias and that a
logistic regression approach may be more appropriate for studies geared at estimating prevalence of mental health problems
in children.
The study was financially supported by the Norwegian Research Council, The Norwegian Directorate for Health and Social Affairs,
Western Norwegian Regional Health Authority, the L. Meltzer legacy for the University of Bergen, and the City of Bergen. 相似文献
665.
666.
Schofield HL Bierman KL Heinrichs B Nix RL;Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2008,36(8):1175-1188
Youth who initiate sexual intercourse in early adolescence (age 11–14) experience multiple risks, including concurrent adjustment
problems and unsafe sexual practices. The current study tested two models describing the links between childhood precursors,
early adolescent risk factors, and adolescent sexual activity: a cumulative model and a meditational model. A longitudinal
sample of 694 boys and girls from four geographical locations was utilized, with data collected from kindergarten through
high school. Structural equation models revealed that, irrespective of gender or race, high rates of aggressive disruptive
behaviors and attention problems at school entry increased risk for a constellation of problem behaviors in middle school
(school maladjustment, antisocial activity, and substance use) which, in turn, promoted the early initiation of sexual activity.
Implications are discussed for developmental models of early sexual activity and for prevention programming.
相似文献
Karen L. BiermanEmail: |
667.
Yu-Wen Chen Arlene Rubin Stiffman Li-Chen Cheng Peter Dore 《Journal of child and family studies》1997,6(1):9-25
We examined individual mental health problems (depression, conduct disorder, and substance abuse) and social environment (family, peer, and neighborhood) factors associated with the sexual risk behaviors of male and female adolescents. Interviews with 778 adolescents, aged 14 to 18, showed that both mental health problems and social environment were related to adolescents' involvement in sexual risk behaviors. Conduct disorder symptoms, substance abuse or dependence symptoms, and the interaction between peer misbehavior and neighborhood problems were significantly associated with risky sexual behaviors. Peer misbehavior was a particularly strong factor related to sexual risk behaviors for youths who lived in neighborhoods with multiple problems. The only gender differences were found in age, with older males more likely to report engaging in high risk sexual behaviors. This study suggests the utility of multidimensional intervention strategies to deal with various adolescent problem behaviors, including risky sexual behaviors, within the context of their social environment. 相似文献
668.
应用题结构分析训练对提高小学生解题能力的实验研究 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
实验以小学四年级学生为被试,采用完全随机化等组设计。实验组采用应用题结构分析训练教学模式,控制组在同等时间内,采用常规教学模式作相同的习题练习。实验结果表明:(1)应用题结构分析训练可显著提高小学生解应用题的能力,中等生受益最大;(2)该模式训练效果与学生的智力水平呈中等程度正相关;(3)学生对该训练模式持肯定态度,反应积极。 相似文献
669.
Jay Harding David P. Wacker Linda J. Cooper Thomas Millard Paula Jensen-Kovalan 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1994,27(2):291-300
Seven parents conducted assessments in an outpatient clinic using a prescribed hierarchy of antecedent and consequence treatment components for their children's problem behavior. Brief assessment of potential treatment components was conducted to identify variables that controlled the children's appropriate behavior. Experimental control via a brief reversal was achieved for 6 of the 7 children, (1 child continued to behave appropriately following initial improvement in behavior). For these 6 children, improved behavior occurred with changes in treatment components. Our results extend previous studies of direct assessment procedures conducted in outpatient clinic settings. 相似文献
670.