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651.
采用由7道真实性算术应用题构成的测试材料研究了207名六年级小学生。首先要求被试解答这些题目,然后对给出的不同解答作出评定。结果表明:(1)我国六年级小学生在无提示条件下真实性思考的人数比例是36.6%,显著地高于真实性解答的人数比例27.3%。(2)在解题真实性思考上,优生显著地高于中等生,中等生显著地高于差生;在对不确定真实性解答的评分上,优生显著地高于中等生与差生,在对常规性解答的评分上,优生显著地低于中等生与差生。(3)提示条件显著地提高了学生的真实性思考水平,并且与学生的学业水平存在着显著的交互作用;提示条件不影响学生对不确定真实性解答与常规性解答的评分。 相似文献
652.
竹溪县降低孕产妇死亡率和消除新生儿破伤风项目分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为实施"降低孕产妇死亡率和消除新生儿破伤风项目",通过培训乡村产儿科技术服务人员,以改善乡镇卫生院产儿科服务条件,提高育龄妇女住院分娩安全意识,降低孕产妇死亡率和消除新生儿破伤风.开展了人员培训、健康教育、设备配置、贫困救助、监督指导等活动.孕产妇死亡率、新生儿破伤风等重点指标达到终期目标.提出贫困地区妇幼卫生事业建设与发展必需有可行性项目支持. 相似文献
653.
重新审视21世纪初期我国城市健康问题 总被引:17,自引:2,他引:15
随着我国城市化进程的加快,出现很多新的健康问题,突出表现在:生育率进一步下降;新、老空巢现象交错;城市边缘人群社会医学问题日趋彰显;文化冲突进一步加剧;城市公共安全问题突出。我们必须对上述问题予以足够重视,并开展针对性研究。 相似文献
654.
Katerina Maniadaki Ph.D. Edmund Sonuga-Barke Ph.D Efthymios Kakouros Ph.D. Rania Karaba M.Sc. 《Journal of child and family studies》2006,15(4):460-474
Several theories attempt to explain the high co-occurrence of Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) and Conduct Problems (CP). A strong possibility is that AD/HD behaviours lead to the development of CP, due to family coercive interaction patterns, maintained through parental false beliefs regarding child problem behaviour. We compared maternal perceptions about AD/HD behaviors and CP, and the possible reactions elicited by such behaviours. The sample consisted of 317 mothers of boys and girls aged 4–6. Four versions of The Parental Account of the Causes of Childhood Problems Questionnaire were used, in which a vignette was ascribed to either a boy or a girl displaying some of the major AD/HD behaviours or CP. The results showed that CP were perceived as significantly more severe than AD/HD behaviours. Moreover, AD/HD behaviours were attributed to biological causes more often than CP, and less strict rearing practices were chosen for AD/HD symptoms. Our findings provide evidence that mothers usually perceive AD/HD behaviours and CP as separate entities and may behave accordingly with their children. 相似文献
655.
The specific parenting domains measured by the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (APQ) make it particularly relevant to interventions concerned with the modification of parenting practices. This study assessed the validity and clinical utility of parent reports on the APQ using observational data of parents and children (N=56, aged 4–8 years) participating in a parent training intervention for childhood conduct problems. Parent reports on the measure were found to converge well with observations of parents’ use of praise, and harsh/aversive parenting. APQ scores also reflected change in parenting practices across treatment, and were associated with clinical child outcomes. Comparisons of the five original APQ subscales with a three-factor empirically-derived form of the measure indicated greater support for the original subscales, which were found to be valid and clinically informative in the treatment of childhood conduct problems. 相似文献
656.
Recent advances in statistical techniques for longitudinal data analysis have provided increased capabilities for elucidating individual differences in trajectories of change in child behaviours and abilities. However, most techniques still assume that there is a single underlying distribution with respect to changes over time, about which children are normally distributed. If there are multiple subgroups of youth following distinct developmental trajectories with unique predictors, however, the results of these statistical techniques may provide an incomplete analysis of the data. A newer class of statistical techniques, latent growth mixture modelling, provides a robust framework for examining heterogeneity in patterns of development. This paper illustrates the use of latent growth mixture modelling for examining heterogeneity in developmental trajectories of adolescent antisocial behaviour. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
657.
An Ecological View of School Satisfaction in Adolescence: Linkages Between Social Support and Behavior Problems 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Adrienne L. DeSantis King Scott Huebner Shannon M. Suldo Robert F. Valois 《Applied research in quality of life》2006,1(3-4):279-295
This study investigated the relationships among school satisfaction, social support, and problem behaviors in adolescents.
Modest associations were found between school satisfaction and the demographic variables of gender, race, age, and grade level.
Support from teachers, parents, and classmates contributed unique variance to ratings of school satisfaction; with teacher
support contributing the most unique variance. School satisfaction mediated the relationship between social support and internalizing
and externalizing behaviors. School satisfaction did not moderate the relationship between social support and problem behavior;
however, it did serve as a protective factor across all levels of social support. Implications are discussed, including suggestions
for developing interventions that focus on increasing support for adolescents in efforts to improve school satisfaction and
reduce problem behaviors. 相似文献
658.
Alan M. Schwitzer 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》2012,90(3):281-289
This article presents research and evidence‐based practices for identifying, understanding, diagnosing, conceptualizing, and providing a continuum of treatment for the most commonly experienced types of eating‐related counseling concerns—namely, eating disorders not otherwise specified—among the population most likely to present these types of needs: adolescent girls and young adult and adult women. 相似文献
659.
Karver MS 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2006,34(2):242-253
This study examined whether characteristics of behavioral items reported by parent and child are related to parent–child agreement. Data were collected from 20 judges rating 59 child behaviors on 11 dimensions hypothesized to affect parent–child agreement. Data from 675 parent–child dyads (85% female caregivers, 62% male children, aged 7–17) reporting on 59 child behaviors were used to examine agreement. Behavior characteristics accounted for 43% of variability in parent–child agreement. Three components, saliency to the parent, saliency to the child, and observability/willingness to report, contributed uniquely to prediction of agreement. 相似文献
660.
Children can solve Bayesian problems: the role of representation in mental computation 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Can children reason the Bayesian way? We argue that the answer to this question depends on how numbers are represented, because a representation can do part of the computation. We test, for the first time, whether Bayesian reasoning can be elicited in children by means of natural frequencies. We show that when information was presented to fourth, fifth, and sixth graders in terms of probabilities, their ability to estimate the Bayesian posterior probability was zero. Yet when the same information was presented in natural frequencies, Bayesian reasoning showed a steady increase from fourth to sixth grade, reaching an average level of 19, 39, and 53%, respectively, in two studies. Sixth graders' performance with natural frequencies matched the performance of adults with probabilities. But this general increase was accompanied by striking individual differences. More than half of the sixth graders solved most or all problems, whereas one third could not solve a single one. An analysis of the children's responses provides evidence for the use of three non-Bayesian strategies. These follow an overlapping wave model of development and continue to be observed in the minds of adults. More so than adults' probabilistic reasoning, children's reasoning depends on a proper representation of information. 相似文献