文化心理学与跨文化心理学的比较与整合

文化心理学和跨文化心理学都是心理学的文化转向之产物,二者都重视对文化的研究,要求把文化纳入心理学的研究范围,因而有很多方面相似,但也存在着一些本质的不同。跨文化心理学是在不改变科学主义心理学的基本原则或假设的前提下对其加以修正,而文化则与之相反,它要从根本上否定科学主义心理学的硬核。不过,二者各有优劣,在心理学研究中应把二者整合起来,以便相互取长补短,共同发展     

Maternal Sensitivity: Individual,Contextual and Cultural Factors in Recent Conceptualizations

Over the past three decades, numerous investigators have stressed the importance of maternal sensitivity in children's social and cognitive development. The various contributors to this thematic issue take different yet complementary approaches to the definition of early maternal sensitivity, focusing on mothers' responsiveness, joint topic focus with child, affect, involvement and structuring of the physical and social environments of the child. The populations represented in these writings are diverse, including middle-class and poorer families, children with and without special needs and families from a range of cultural groups. Individual and contextual factors are discussed as influencing the expression of maternal sensitivity and as both mediating and moderating relations between maternal sensitivity and diverse child outcomes. Together, this collection of writings underscores the multidimensional character of maternal sensitivity, the specialized nature of its influence and the relevance of studying maternal sensitivity within a comprehensive ecological framework. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

浅析靴子在中国鞋饰文化中的地位

通过对靴子变迁的描述,分析靴子的变迁和发展与政治经济的联系,以及与审美性和实用性的关系,突出了靴子在中国鞋饰文化中的地位与作用。     

齐鲁文化成语在跨文化交流中的意义和价值

源自齐鲁文化的成语是从博大精深的齐鲁地域文化中析离出的结晶,它作为一种独特的文化积淀,折射出齐鲁先人的思维方式和认知模式。在中华文明的传承中,齐鲁文化成语已成为中国文化中富有活力的因子,它充盈着中华传统文化的每个细胞。随着世界多元文化的交融与共铸,它不仅毫无褪色,反而在跨文化的交流中,更加凸显其张力和魅力。究其原因,是这些成语具有“言近指远”的作用。然而,由于成语表达形式的丰富多彩和异质文化之间的个体差异,往往给跨文化交流带来隔膜和障碍。正因为如此,研究、挖掘其意义和价值,是为了更准确地传递语言所含的各种文化信息,实现不同语际间的有效解读。     

CULTURE AND HISTORY: ESSENTIAL PARTNERS IN THE CONVERSATION BETWEEN RELIGION AND SCIENCE

Abstract. In this essay I respond to John Caiazza's claim for the primacy of what he calls techno‐secularism for understanding twentieth‐century history. Using the examples of the Taiping Rebellion in nineteenth‐century China and Zionism in twentieth‐century Europe, I argue that the range of Caiazza's schema is confined solely to the Protestant West with little applicability to other national histories. I argue further for the lack of clarity and therefore the uselessness of the dichotomy of the secular and the religious for understanding human history. I claim instead that, while the category of technology and the institutions of religion are important determiners in human history, they need to be subsumed, without special status, within a broader set of interrelated factors called “culture.” I appeal for the academic study of science and religion to give primacy for the near future to the history of science and religion over both theology and science.     

一种古老而后现代的与文化相关的精神障碍--膜拜痴迷意识转换状况

以临床观察为根据,以文献回顾为基础,提出了"膜拜痴迷意识转换状况"是一种古老而后现代的与文化相关的精神障碍的观点,并讨论了与发病相关的社会文化与个体心理因素.     

中西方面子研究综述

本文在详细回顾了过去半个多世纪的面子理论研究之后,得出结论认为目前面子研究中存在的一个最主要的问题是基本概念不清,多停留于理论层次的探讨,缺乏可靠的结论与实际的证据。针对此种现状,笔者建议从与面子具有本质性联系的自尊概念人手针对面子的内涵及其机制进行可行性的探究。     

The deChristianization of Christian hospital chaplaincy: some bioethics reflections on professionalization, ecumenization, and secularization.

The traditional roles of Christian chaplains in aiding patients, physicians, nurses, and hospital administrators in repentance, right belief, right worship, and right conduct are challenged by the contemporary professionalization of chaplaincy guided by post-Christian norms located in a public space structured by three defining postulates: the non-divinity of Christ, robust ecumenism, and the irrelevance of God's existence. The norms of this emerging post-Christian profession of chaplaincy make interventions with patients, physicians, nurses, and hospital administrators in defense of specifically Christian bioethical norms and goals unprofessional, because the chaplain is now directed as a professional to support health care services held to standards articulated within a secular morality. These changes are exemplar of the profound recasting of the dominant moral culture with wide-ranging implications for bioethics.     

Are cultural differences overrated? Examining the influence of national culture on international buyer‐seller relationships

The notion that differences in national culture influence international buyer‐seller relationships (and, indeed, all aspects of international management) is not only held as true but also axiomatic. This study questions the degree to which cultural differences impact upon buyer‐seller relations for seven key dimensions using Hofstede's indices of culture. Via two stages of data collection using two methodological approaches (seven interviews and 322 useable responses from a mail survey), the impact of culture on international buyer‐seller relationships was examined. The study's findings identified little evidence to support the popular idea that culture exerts a significant influence on international business relationships. Instead, the findings suggest that some managers perceived factors such as communication/language barriers, political barriers, geographic distance, economic factors, industry barriers, time differences, technology barriers, legal differences and infrastructure barriers as being more likely to have a greater impact on cross‐national relationships. Copyright © 2003 Henry Stewart Publications.     

Acculturation and ethnic identity in marginal immigrant South Asian men in Britain: A psychotherapeutic perspective

The incidence of mental health problems, and their treatment, for immigrant South Asians in Britain appear to be similar to that of the White population. However, there are some significant differences in relation to problems of substance misuse, treatment for depression and suicide. Difficulties in acculturation and in developing an integrated ethnic identity may contribute to some of these differences. Drawing from narratives of marginal immigrant South Asian men, a range of themes is identified. The implications of these issues for therapists are discussed.